分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 108 m (Ref. 96339). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 5°S, 126°W - 85°W (Ref. 55258)
Eastern Pacific: Oregon, USA to Gulf of California (Ref. 2850) and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 28023).
東太平洋: 美國的奧勒岡州到加州灣 (參考文獻 2850) 與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 100.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9257); 最大体重: 82.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Commonly found in sandy and muddy bays and sloughs, also on rocky bottom and in kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Sometimes buries itself in sand (Ref. 2850). Found singly or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds on bivalves, snails, polychaetes, shrimps, and crabs (Ref. 9257). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Venomous spine on tail. Not fished commercially, but shows up as by-catch species (Ref. 9257).
普遍地栖息于沙泥海湾与泥坑, 也在岩石的底部上与在海藻床中.(参考文献 2850) 有时掩藏于沙子中。 (参考文献 2850) 各别地或成群发现。 (参考文献 12951) 吃二枚贝，蜗牛，多毛类动物，虾与螃蟹。 (参考文献 9257) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 在尾部上的有毒的棘。 不商业性地渔捕, 但是出现如误捕种.(参考文献 9257)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).東太平洋: 美國的奧勒岡州到加州灣 (參考文獻 2850) 與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 28023)
McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Myliobatidae. Aguilas marinas. p. 765-768. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9257)
人类利用
水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.4 - 23, mean 20.6 °C (based on 34 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00123 - 0.01235), b=3.08 (2.82 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=3; tmax=23; k=0.09-0.22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.59 [1.10, 170.56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.647 [0.059, 7.948] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [15.2, 25.6] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.050, 0.437] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [5.9, 146.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.22 [0.27, 34.64] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.476 [0.031, 5.520] mg/100g (wet weight);
