分类 / Names
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Petromyzonti >
Petromyzontiformes (Lampreys) >
Petromyzontidae (Northern lampreys) > Lampetrinae
Etymology: Lampetra: lambo (L.), to lick; petra (Gr.), rock or stone, referring to their suctorial behavior (adults attach to rocks during nest building and mating). (See ETYFish); ayresii: In honor of physician-ichthyologist William O. Ayres (1817-1887), founding member of the California Academy of Sciences, who described this species in 1855 but used a preoccupied name (Petromyzon plumbeus). (See ETYFish).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 89241). 溫帶; 59°N - 37°N
Eastern Pacific: Tee Harbor, Alaska to Sacramento-San Joaquin drainage in California, USA. Freshwater resident population in Morrison Creek, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Ref. 12269).
東太平洋: T字港灣，阿拉斯加州到加州的 Scaramento-San Joaquin 流域，美國。 在莫里森小溪，溫哥華島，卑詩省的淡水居留族群.(參考文獻 12269)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 16.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1998); 31.1 cm TL (female); common length : 20.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Distinguished by 2 large teeth on the supraoral bar, a large middle tooth on the tongue, 3 points (rarely 2) on each central lateral tooth plate, and the absence of posterial teeth (Ref. 27547). Anterior dorsal fin being lower than posterior, the fins separate in nonbreeding individuals but coming into contact at spawning; caudal fin lobes about equal, lower lobe joined to anal fin; anal fin virtually absent in males (Ref. 27547). Dark brown or brownish gray on sides and back; belly yellowish, silvery around head, gill openings and lower sides; caudal fin has a band of dark pigment inside its margins, symmetrical on each lobe (Ref. 27547). Other diagnostic features: Adults: 11.4-31.1 cm TL. Body wet weight in individuals 17.5-23.0 cm TL, 20-24 g. Body proportions, as percentage of TL (based on 68 specimens measuring 11.7-31.1 cm TL): prebranchial length, 10.9-14.1; branchial length, 7.8-11.8; trunk length, 45.9-55.9; tail length, 24.4-29.5; eye length, 2.3-4.3; disc length, 4.7-7.2. The urogenital papilla length, as a percentage of branchial length, in two spawning males measuring 17.4-18.7 cm TL, 10.3-12.5. Trunk myomeres, 60-71. Dentition: supraoral lamina, 2 unicuspid teeth; infraoral lamina, 7-10 teeth, the lateralmost often bicuspid, the others unicuspid; 3 endolaterals on each side; endolateral formula, typically 2-3-2, very rarely 2-2-2; 3 rows of anterials; first row of anterials, 4 unicuspid teeth; exolaterals absent; posterials absent; transverse lingual lamina, 12-17 unicuspid teeth, the median one greatly enlarged; longitudinal lingual laminae each with 9-12 unicuspid teeth. Velar tentacles, 3-5, with tubercles. Body coloration in marine waters (live), lead gray on dorsal and upper lateral aspects, silvery on the lateral aspect, and white on the ventral aspect. Body coloration (preserved), dorsal and lateral aspects brownish gray and ventral aspect whitish. Lateral line neuromasts unpigmented. Extent of caudal fin pigmentation, 25% to more than 75%. Caudal fin shape, spade-like or rounded. Oral fimbriae, 88-117. Oral papillae, 12-18 (Ref. 89241).
区别的特徵为 2了大的牙齿在嘴上的横带, 一个大的中央牙齿在舌上,3 点 (很少地 2) 在每个中央的侧面齿碟上, 与那缺乏后面的齿.(参考文献 27547) 前面的背鳍存在低于在后部, 鳍在非处于繁殖期的个体中分开但是在产卵变成接触在一起; 尾鳍叶大约相等, 下叶连到了臀鳍; 臀鳍事实上不存在于雄性。 (参考文献 27547) 深褐色或灰褐色在侧面与背面上; 腹面淡黄色的, 银色的头部，鳃裂与下侧的周围; 尾鳍有一个条纹深色的在其内缘, 对称地在每个叶上.(参考文献 27547)
Anadromous. A permanent freshwater resident population is believed to occur in Morrison Creek, British Columbia. In marine waters, they inhabit surface waters. In fresh waters, they occur in lakes, rivers, and creeks. They leave rivers to enter the sea in late spring or early summer, where they actively feed throughout the summer, and return to the rivers in the fall (Ref. 89241). Parasitic adults are found in estuaries and the ocean, migrating to clear gravel riffles of streams to spawn (Ref. 5723). Ammocoetes burrow into the mud where they live for an unknown period and migrate to the sea only after transformation (Ref. 1998). Adults feed by ripping flesh from other fishes (Ref. 2850), ammocoetes feed on microscopic plants and animals just like other members of this family (Ref. 1998). Parasitism can take place at a length of 16.2 cm TL (Ref. 1998). Preyed upon by a number of fishes, e.g. lingcod, and birds (Ref. 1998). In the Sacramento River, California, the spawning season is thought to be from late April into May. Fecundity, 11,398-37,288 eggs/female. Egg diameter, 0.6-0.7 mm (Ref. 89241). Because of its small size, it is unlikely to pose a threat to economically important fish (Ref. 1998). Utilized fresh or smoked by some cultures (Ref. 27436).
寄生的成鱼被发现于河口与被洄游至溪流到的清澈的碎石激流的海洋产卵.(参考文献 5723) Ammocoetes 掘穴至泥内当它们在一个未知的生长期时而且只有在变态之后回游到海洋。 (参考文献 1998) 成鱼藉着咬碎的肉觅食从其它的鱼身上。 (参考文献 2850) 由于它的体型小, 它不可能造成对有经济价值的鱼威胁.(参考文献 1998) 生鲜使用或被一些养殖烟熏.(参考文献 27436)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Probably spawns in gravel, with an activity similar to Lethenteron japonicum (Ref. 1998).東太平洋: T字港灣，阿拉斯加州到加州的 Scaramento-San Joaquin 流域，美國。 在莫里森小溪，溫哥華島，卑詩省的淡水居留族群.(參考文獻 12269)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 11.7, mean 9.6 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00126 (0.00056 - 0.00284), b=2.99 (2.80 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=11,398).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
