Oncorhynchus keta, Chum salmon : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

You can sponsor this page

Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792)

Chum salmon
Waarneming toevoegen in Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Oncorhynchus keta   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Uploaden van uw Foto's en video's
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, Coins Misc. | Google afbeelding
Image of Oncorhynchus keta (Chum salmon)
Oncorhynchus keta
Male picture by Keeley, E.R.

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; zoet water; brak water benthopelagisch; anadroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550), usually ? - 61 m (Ref. 96339). Temperate; 0°C - 24°C (Ref. 35682); 67°N - 24°N, 130°E - 110°W (Ref. 117423)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

North Pacific: Korea , Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Sea (Ref. 1998), Arctic Alaska south to San Diego, California, USA. Asia: Iran (Ref. 39702).

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm 70.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 559); common length : 58.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3561); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 15.9 kg (Ref. 40637); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 7 Jaren (Ref. 1998)

Korte beschrijving Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 10-14; Anale stekels 0; Anale zachte stralen: 13 - 17; Wervels: 59 - 71. Distinguished by the lack of distinct black spots on the back and tail and by the presence of 18 to 28 short, stout, smooth gill rakers on the first arch (Ref. 27547). Pelvic fins with axillary process; caudal truncate to slightly emarginate (Ref. 27547). Large individuals are steel-blue dorsally, with speckles of black; silver on the sides; silvery to white ventrally. Males have tinges of black on the tips of its caudal, anal and pectoral fins. Spawning males are dark olive to black dorsally; grey-red with green vertical bars on the sides; dark grey ventrally; anal and pelvic fins with white tips. Spawning females resemble spawning males but less distinctly marked.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Inhabits ocean and coastal streams (Ref. 86798). Migrating fry form schools in estuaries, remain close to shore for a few months and finally disperse to enter the sea (Ref. 1998). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Juveniles and adults feed mainly on copepods, tunicates and euphausiids but also on pteropods, squid and small fishes (Ref. 1998). Adults cease feeding in freshwater (Ref. 1998). Males and females die after spawning. The catch is mostly canned but also sold fresh, dried-salted, smoked, and frozen. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Utilized for caviar.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Enters freshwater during advanced stage of sexual development and spawning occurs almost immediately (Ref. 1998). Spawning occurs at depths of ~3 meters, current speeds of ~20cm/sec. near the head waters over sand and pebbles at 4-11° C water temperature. At spawning time the female excavates a hole of around 1 meter diameter and 50 cm depth before spawning can occur (Ref. 12218). Nest building is done by the female by lying on one side and lashing its tail to displace the sand and silt on the river bed. The pair then settles in the nest, mouths gape, and with rapid vibration of the pair, eggs and milt are released. The female then covers the nest. Males are aggressive and may spawn with different females; females likewise may spawn with other males and therefore builds different nests. Adults die after a week (Ref. 1998). A fish spawns 700-7,000 eggs in two to three egg releases. Eggs are ~300-3,500 per spawn. Egg size is ~6.7 mm, water temp. is 8-10°C at 60 days before hatching. Larva size is around 16 mm. Come springtime the juveniles go to the ocean and come back 3-4 years later to their exact birthplace. This fish reaches maturity in 2-4 years. Larvae are found around the spawning site, Juveniles are found around the coast. Juveniles migrate to the ocean at ~27-45 mm during February at water temperatures around 4° C (Ref. 12218). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
FAO - Aquacultuur: productie; visserij: aanvoer, soortsprofiel; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Meer informatie

Leeftijd/Grootte
Groei
Lengte-gewicht
Lengte-lengte
Lengtefrequenties
Morfometrie
Morfologie
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Rekrutering
Abundantie
BRUVS
Referenties
Aquacultuur
Aquacultuurprofiel
Kweeklijnen
Genetica
Electrophoreses
Erfelijkheid
Ziektes
Verwerking
Nutrients
Massaconversie
Medewerkers
Afbeeldingen
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Geluiden
Ciguatera
Snelheid
Zwemstijl
Kieuwoppervlak
Otolieten
Hersenen
Zicht

Tools

Speciale rapporten

Download XML

Internetbronnen

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 1.1 - 8.3, mean 3.3 °C (based on 192 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00731 - 0.02730), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.27-0.45; tm=2-5; tmax=6).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 15.6 [4.4, 41.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.337 [0.168, 0.758] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.2, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 1.71 [0.78, 3.77] g/100g; Selenium = 110 [32, 369] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.3 [4.6, 41.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.424 [0.266, 0.821] mg/100g (wet weight);