Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)

Rainbow trout

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Salmoniformes \| Salmonidae \| Salmoninae
Synonyms	Salmo mykiss, Parasalmo mykiss, Oncorhynchus kamloops, ... more
Common names	Truite arc-en-ciel, Trucha arco iris, 虹鱒, ... more

You can sponsor this page:

Upload your photos and videos
| All pictures | Google image | Stamps |

Image of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout)

Picture by Keeley, E.R.

Add your observation in Fish Watcher

| Native range | PointMap |

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Gall, G.A.E. and P.A. Crandell. 1992. (Ref. 4706)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 120 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5504); common length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5504); max. published weight: 25.4 kg (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 12193)

Environment

Benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 50550)

Climate / Range

Subtropical; 10°C - 24°C (Ref. 12741); 67°N - 32°N, 135°E - 117°W

Southwest Atlantic: Argentina (Ref. 9086). Eastern Pacific: Kamchatkan Peninsula and have been recorded from the Commander Islands east of Kamchatka and sporadically in the Sea of Okhotsk as far south as the mouth of the Amur River along the mainland. The records outside of Kamchatka probably represent migrating or straying Kamchatkan steelhead (penshinensis) rather than the established native population (Reg. 50080). One of the most widely introduced fishes, may be regarded as global in its present distribution. In the tropics restricted to areas above 1,200 m. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 5723).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 3 - 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Anal soft rays: 8 - 12; Vertebrae: 60 - 66. Body elongate, somewhat compressed especially in larger fish. No nuptial tubercles but minor changes to head, mouth and color occur especially in spawning males. Coloration varies with habitat, size, and sexual condition. Stream residents and spawners darker, colors more intense. Lake residents lighter, brighter, and more silvery. Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196).

Small juveniles are benthopelagic while larger juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 58302). The natural habitat of the species is fresh water with about 12°C in summer. It is unclear whether its anadromy is a truly genetic adaptation or simply an opportunistic behavior. It seems that any stock of rainbow trout is capable of migrating, or at least adapting to sea water, if the need or opportunity arises. They require moderate to fast flowing, well oxygenated waters for breeding, but they also live in cold lakes (Ref. 6390, 44894). Rainbow trout survive better in lakes than in streams (Ref. 26519). Enters the rivers of Kamchatka from September to October, spawns in spring, not far from the sea, and migrates back to the sea in May-June (Ref. 593). Generally feeds close to the bottom (Ref. 13337). Anadromous fish smolted at ages 2 and 3 years, matured after 1 to 2 years in the ocean, and survived up to 11 years, spawning up to 8 times. Non-anadromous fish survived up to 6 years, spawning up to 3 times (Ref.74369). Adults feed on aquatic and terrestrial insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fish eggs, minnows, and other small fishes (including other trout); young feed predominantly on zooplankton (Ref. 26523). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Rainbow trout is cultured in many countries and is often hatched and stocked into rivers and lakes especially to attract recreational fishers (Ref. 9988).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Potential pest

Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

Tools
Biogeographic modelling \| Bio-Quiz \| E-book \| Field guide \| Identification keys \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| LifeMapper \| Point map

Special reports
Check for Aquarium maintenance \| Check for Species Fact Sheets \| Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML
Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos

Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.38-0.46; tm=2-5; tmax=11; Fec=200)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100)	Low

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Wiethüchter, Anita

Back to Search

Fish Forum

Comments & Corrections

Sign our Guest Book

FishBase mirror site : US - CGNET

Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

Custom Search