Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill, 1862

Jewelfish

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Perciformes \| Cichlidae \| Pseudocrenilabrinae
Synonyms	Hemichromis cristatus, ... more
Common names	Jewel fish, African jewelfish, Cichlidé à deux taches, ... more

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Image of Hemichromis bimaculatus (Jewelfish)

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Main reference

Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde. 1992. (Ref. 7378)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : Kullander, Sven O. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 13.6 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 8992); common length : 7.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. published weight: 10.0 g (Ref. 3799)

Environment

Benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 6.5 - 7.5; dH range: 4 - 16

Climate / Range

Tropical; 21°C - 23°C (Ref. 1672); 11°N - 4°N

Africa: Widely distributed in West Africa, where it is known from most hydrographic basins (Ref. 53405), associated with forested biotopes. Also reported from coastal basins of Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nile basin (Ref. 7378).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 15; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8 - 9. Diagnosis: 3 black blotches on sides, the first on opercle, the second at midpoint of body, the third on caudal-fin base; upper profile of snout convex or straight (Ref. 53405). Description: body ovoid; lower jaw scarcely prominent in large individuals; outer and inner jaw teeth monocuspid, inner teeth forming an incomplete row on upper jaw and 2 incomplete rows (only medially) in lower jaw; pharyngeal jaw teeth bicuspid; micro-gillrakers present; scales cycloid (Ref. 53405). Coloration: ground colour olive-brown, with 3 black blotches on either side, first on gill cover, third on caudal-fin base; head with yellow or blue spots forming bands on cheeks and opercular region (sometimes continuing unto sides); opercular spot with green margin; lips and chin reddish; dorsal fin red-edged, with light submarginal band; anal fin light anteriorly, reddish posteriorly; proximal part of caudal fin yellowish, distal part bright red; upper margin of caudal fin red, with light submarginal band; pectorals transparent, hyaline or yellow; pelvics light, their anterior margin red or black (Ref. 53405).

Occurs in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals (Ref. 5723); some distance inland from the coast, associated with areas of intact or recently disturbed forest cover. Considered the true 'jewel fish' of aquarists, this species is also used as an experimental animal by physiologists and ethologists (Ref. 5644). Attains a maximum of 12 cm in captivity. Aquarium keeping: aggressive; in pairs; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: highly commercial


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos

Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Assuming tm<1 and multople annual spawning; Fec=200-500)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low vulnerability (20 of 100)	Not marketed/unknown

Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B.

Modified by Froese, Rainer

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