分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). 亞熱帶的; 20°C - 25°C (Ref. 54918); 46°N - 49°S, 19°E - 69°W (Ref. 54918)
Indo-Pacific: tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. Highly migratory species.
The distribution in the Pacific Ocean is unique among billfishes and tunas in that it forms a horseshoe-shaped pattern from the northwest Pacific through the eastern Pacific to the southwest Pacific (Ref. 30443). In the Indian Ocean, fish are more densely distributed in equatorial regions with higher concentrations off eastern Africa, in the western Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and off northwestern Australia (Ref. 30444).
印度-太平洋: 熱帶的﹐亞熱帶的與溫帶的水域。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
在太平洋的分布情形在青旗魚與鮪魚之中很獨特，那裡它形成一個馬蹄形的圖案從西北太平洋經過東太平洋到西南太平洋。 (參考文獻 30443) 在印度洋，魚更濃密被分佈於近赤道的具有較高的集中外海的非洲東部, 在阿拉伯海西部, 孟加拉灣與外海的澳洲西北部.(參考文獻 30444)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 210.0, range 190 - ? cm
Max length : 420 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30874); common length : 290 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9308); 最大體重: 440.0 kg (Ref. 30874)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 42-48; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 18 - 24. Body elongated and compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust and medium sized beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first greater than the greatest depth, short anteriorly, taller in the middle, then becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and flexible, with 18 to 22 rays; body densely covered by small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 bluntish points; back dark blue; belly silvery; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black without dark spots; flanks with about 20 bluish stripes (Ref. 55763). Blue-black above and silvery white below, with about 15 rows of cobalt-colored stripes; 1st dorsal fin dark blue; other fins dark brown, sometimes with a tinge of dark blue; anal fin bases with a tinge of silvery white.
藍黑色的上方與下面銀白色的, 有大約 15 列的深藍色的斑紋; 第一背鰭深藍色; 其他的鰭深褐色的, 有時有一種深藍色的淡色; 臀鰭基底有淡色銀白色。
Epipelagic and oceanic species, usually found above the thermocline. Generally inhabit cooler water than either black (Makaira indica) or blue marlin (M. mazara) (Ref. 43). Most dominant and widely distributed of all billfishes. Their abundance increases with distance from the continental shelf (Ref. 6390). Usually seen close to shore only where deep drop-offs occur (Ref. 6390). Mostly solitary, but form small schools by size during the spawning season (Ref. 9987). They are usually dispersed at considerably wide distances. Feed on fishes, crustaceans and squids. Also caught with the harpoon. The flesh is the best among billfishes for sashimi and sushi. Marketed mostly frozen, sometimes fresh (Ref. 43); also smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Also Ref. 9137, 9574.
表層帶與大洋性魚種,通常發現於溫水層上面。 通常居住於較冷的水域超過或黑色的 ( 立翅旗魚〔Makaira indica〕 ) 或藍色的馬林魚 ( M. mazara).(參考文獻 43) 最優勢的而且廣泛地所有青旗魚分佈了。 他們的豐度隨著離大陸棚的距離增加。 (參考文獻 6390) 通常見到接近海岸僅在深的海峭壁出現.(參考文獻 6390) 大部份獨居性, 但是在產卵季節的時候依大小形成小群魚群.(參考文獻 9987) 他們通常在非常地廣泛的距離被散佈。 捕食魚，甲殼動物與烏賊。 也用魚叉捕獲。 肉是在青旗魚之中的最好用作生魚片與壽司。 大部份在市場上銷售凍結, 有時生鮮地;(參考文獻 43) 也煙燻與冷凍的.(參考文獻 9987) 也參考文獻 9137,9574.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Females are indeterminate batch spawners with asynchronous oocyte development (Ref. 92477). Larvae are most abundant in the respective local early summers. The seasonal occurrence of mature females coincides with that of the larvae. The lower temperature limit in the distribution of larvae is approximately 24°C, both in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Spawning sites are between 10°S and 30°S in Southwest Pacific and 10°S and 20°S in northeastern Indian Ocean (Ref. 6390).印度-太平洋: 熱帶的﹐亞熱帶的與溫帶的水域。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
在太平洋的分布情形在青旗魚與鮪魚之中很獨特，那裡它形成一個馬蹄形的圖案從西北太平洋經過東太平洋到西南太平洋。 (參考文獻 30443) 在印度洋，魚更濃密被分佈於近赤道的具有較高的集中外海的非洲東部, 在阿拉伯海西部, 孟加拉灣與外海的澳洲西北部.(參考文獻 30444)
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.6 - 28.3, mean 25.9 °C (based on 1534 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7505 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00297 - 0.01015), b=3.15 (2.98 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.5 (1.5 - 5.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.6; tm=2-3; Fec=90-281 million (annual reproductive output)).
Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.12 - 0.40, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.3 [12.2, 54.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.97 [0.53, 1.79] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.6, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.217 [0.110, 0.427] g/100g; Selenium = 50.6 [25.2, 110.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.89 [1.10, 13.77] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.31 [0.20, 0.48] mg/100g (wet weight);
