分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ahl.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 熱帶; 9°S - 10°S
Africa: Lake Kiungululu [=Lake Chungruru], a small oligotrophic crater lake in the Rungwe Mountains in Tanzania (Ref. 54852, 118630, 118638), and probably Lake Masoko (Ref. 54852).
非洲: 湖 Chungruru, 在 Rungwe 山中的一個火山口湖, 在坦尚尼亞的馬拉威湖的北方。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.4 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2)
背棘 (总数): 14 - 15; 背的软条 (总数): 10-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 11; 脊椎骨: 30. Diagnosis: A relatively small bodied tilapia species; larger individuals were found to have large heads, thin bodies and an overall emaciated appearance, referred to as 'hunger form tilapia' (Ref. 118638). Length of head 37.6-40.5% of standard length; toothed area of lower pharyngeal with concave sides; median length of bone 1.0-1.24 times its width and 31.6-35.5% of head length; blade 1.2-1.4 times median length of toothed area; length of lower jaw 32.0-39.0% of head length; teeth of jaws in 4 or 5 rows (Ref. 2). Females and non-territorial males have grey bodies and 4-5 vertical bars; ventral region lighter; some juveniles very dark overall (Ref. 118638). Breeding males black with a thin white/orange dorsal margin (Ref. 2, 118638).
鉴别: 繁殖期的雄鱼黑色; 头长 37.6-40.5% SL; 低咽骨的有齿区域有凹的侧边; 硬骨 1.0-1.24 的平均长度倍于它的宽度与 31.6-35.5% 头长; 倍有齿区域的平均长度的叶片 1.2-1.4; 下颌 32.0-39% 头长的长度; 在 4 或 5 列中的颚的齿.(参考文献 2)
描述: 高的头部:身体比.(参考文献 54852) 嘴在鼻孔与眼之间延伸.(参考文献 1820) 在 3-4 系列中在上颌 (参考文献 1820,54852) 的齿, 4-5 在低的.(参考文献 54852) 鱗片圓形的 (參考文獻 1820), 在頰上的 2-3 系列中.(參考文獻 1820,54852) 持續背棘最長的; 第三個臀鰭硬棘長度超過最後的背棘; 胸的鰭達到中央或臀鰭的末端; 腹鰭不達到臀鰭。 (參考文獻 1820) 尾部的不濃密地覆有鱗片的 (參考文獻 1820,54852), 但是有延伸部份的小鱗片-方法沿著上、下鰭條.(參考文獻 54852) 生殖乳突有兩個短分支 (參考文獻 2) 的串, 從一個棒狀的基底出現。 (參考文獻 54852) 睪丸寬的﹐白色的與彎曲的當完全成熟的時候.(參考文獻 2)
體色 保存的標本: 使雄性成熟深褐色的, 包括鰭與背部的垂部; 大約 5 公分的標本有深色的背鰭與背面，而且垂直地被生產的四個黑色的斑點沿著側面的中央; 大約 6 公分的標本灰白的沒有斑紋，垂直的鰭微弱暗色.(參考文獻 54852)
The maximum reported total length is 19.5 cm (Ref. 2, 118638); the maximum standard length of 19 cm (Ref. 4967) is not correct (G.F. Turner, pers. comm.). A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories in shallow water, digging a pit among branches and roots of reeds (Ref. 118638). Like Oreochromis hunteri, this species appears to be confined to a single lake without an outlet (Ref. 4967). The single population of this species is probably very small and vulnerable and is likely to support a sustainable fishery; the small adult size of the species would suggest minimal potential for aquaculture (Ref. 118638). Its IUCN conservation status is critically endangered, based on risk of siltation and water level fluctuations due to drought; in addition, populations are likely to have been impacted by the stocking of the lake with Coptodon rendalli and Tilapia sparrmanii, which are both presently abundant (Ref. 118638).
例如 O. hunteri, 这种状似局限于没有一个出口的一个湖。 (参考文献 4967)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories in shallow water, digging a pit among branches and roots of reeds (Ref. 118638).非洲: 湖 Chungruru, 在 Rungwe 山中的一個火山口湖, 在坦尚尼亞的馬拉威湖的北方。
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
极度濒危 (CR) (B1ab(v)+2ab(v)); Date assessed: 22 May 2018
人类利用
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00827 - 0.04391), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
