Mobula birostris, Giant manta : fisheries

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Mobula birostris (Walbaum, 1792)

Giant manta
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Mobula birostris   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Mobula birostris (Giant manta)
Mobula birostris
Picture by Marshall, A.

رده بندی / Names اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology: More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range بوم شناسي

دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 106604). Subtropical; 42°N - 38°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55255)

پراكنش كشورها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | Ecosystems | ظهور | Point map | معرفي | Faunafri

Circumglobal, tropical to temperate: in the Northern Hemisphere, as far north as southern California and Rhode Island on the United States west and east coasts, Mutsu Bay, Aomori, Japan, the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt and the Azores Islands; in the Southern Hemisphere, as far south as Peru, Uruguay, South Africa and New Zealand. In some locations, including Mozambique, it is sympatric with Manta alfredi.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن

Maturity: Lm 422.0, range 380 - 460 cm
Max length : 910 cm WD جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 58048); common length : 450 cm WD جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3176); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 3.0 t (Ref. 5377); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 20 سال ها (Ref. 31742)

توصيف مختصر ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري

A giant ray having an extremely broad head with long head fins, and a terminal mouth; upper surface of disc covered with denticles, and tail usually without a spine (Ref. 5578). Blackish above, sometimes with white shoulder patches; white below, with grey edging on disc (Ref. 5578). Tail whiplike but short (Ref. 7251).

زيست شناسي     واژه نامه (بعنوان مثال epibenthic)

Mainly in near-shore waters, near coral and rocky reefs; sometimes found over deep water (Ref. 12951). Reported along productive coastlines with regular upwelling, oceanic island groups and offshore pinnacles and seamounts (Ref. 82755). Penetrates shallow muddy bays and the intertidal and occurs off river mouths (Ref. 9911). Pelagic (Ref. 58302). Occurs singly or in loose aggregations (Ref. 12951). Mainly plankton feeders, but may feed on small and moderate-sized fishes as well (Ref. 9911). Leaps out the water mainly in spring and autumn, possibly as part of mating behavior (Ref. 31742). Easily approached (Ref. 9911). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 6902). Commonly caught by tuna gillnet and harpoon fisheries. Utilized for its gill filter plates (very high value), meat, cartilage and skin (Ref.58048). Liver yields oil and skin used as abrasive (Ref. 6902). World's largest ray (Ref. 37816).

Life cycle and mating behavior بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Bears up to 2 young (Ref. 5578); born at 122-127 cm WD (Ref.58048). A female of 550 cm width and weighing 1050 kg was collected in the Galapagos in June and was carrying a well-developed embryo of 12.7 kg (Ref. 28023). Size at partuition might be from 1.1 to 1.3 m and from 9.1 to 1.14 kg (Ref. 31742). Yano et al (1999) (Ref. 35892) describe the mating behavior of manta rays based on observations off Ogasawara Islands, Japan, in the following sequence: 1) 'chasing', the male rapidly follows behind the tail of the female and attacks her several times; 2) 'nipping', the male nips the tip of the pectoral fin of the female and then moves to the ventral surface of the female; 3) 'copulating', the male inserts a clasper into the cloacaof the female and copulates abdomen-to-abdomen, up to 123 seconds; 4) 'post-copulating'; 5) 'separating'. (Ref. 49562).

مآخذ اصلی Upload your references | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران

Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)

وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  در معرض خطر (EN) (A2bcd+3d); Date assessed: 12 November 2019

CITES


خطر برای انسان ها

  Harmless (Ref. 9911)





استفاده انسانی

ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

اطلاعات بيشتر

اسامي عام
مترادف
سوخت و ساز
شکارچیان
سم شناسي بوم زيستي
تولید مثل
بلوغ
تخم ریزی
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
تخم ها
نمو تخم
Age/Size
رشد
طول - وزن
طول - طول
نوسانات طولی
ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
ريخت شناسي
توزاد ( لارو)
پويايي لاروي
بازسازی
فراواني
BRUVS
مراجع
آبزي پروري
نمايه آبزي پروري
نژادها
ژنتيك
Electrophoreses
وارث
بيماري ها
فرآوری
Nutrients
Mass conversion
همكاران
عکس ها
Stamps, Coins Misc.
صداها
سيگواترا
سرعت
نوع شناگری
منطقه آبششي
Otoliths
مغزها
بینایی

ابزارها

گزارش های ويژه

بارگيری XML

منابع اينترنتي

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | فيش واچر را ببينيد | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, گونه ها | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: ژنوم, نوکلئوتيد | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | پايگاه هاي داده ها | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: برو, جستجو | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.8 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 3220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref. 120179):  خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (tm=6; tmax>20; Fec=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (64 of 100).
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 2.4 [0.4, 10.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.339 [0.080, 0.946] mg/100g; Protein = 23 [18, 28] %; Omega3 = 0.1 [0.0, 0.4] g/100g; Selenium = 26.2 [7.4, 97.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.6 [3.1, 37.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.305 [0.144, 0.613] mg/100g (wet weight);