Oreochromis karongae, Karonga tilapia : fisheries

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Oreochromis karongae (Trewavas, 1941)

Karonga tilapia
ارفع صور و مقاطع فيديو
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Image of Oreochromis karongae (Karonga tilapia)
Oreochromis karongae
Picture by Ueberschär, B.

التصنيف / Names الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Trewavas.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range البيئة

; المياه العذبة قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; نطاق العمق 0 - 50 m (Ref. 118638), usually 0 - 10 m (Ref. 5595). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C; 8°S - 15°S

التوزيع دول | مناطق الفاو | النظام البيئي | الظهور | Point map | مقدمة | Faunafri

Africa: Lake Malawi and its catchment (Ref. 2, 5166, 118630, 118638), including crater lake Itamba and Ikapu (Ref. 118638).

Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر

Maturity: Lm 28.9, range 20 - 38 cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6150); 38.0 cm SL (female)

وصف مختصر الوصف الخارجي | قياسات المظهر الخارجي

الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 15 - 17; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 10-12; شوكة شرجية 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8 - 10; فقرات: 30 - 32. Diagnosis: A heavily-built large tilapia species with a wide rounded head and short jaws; individuals vary a lot in dentition, with some having very wide bands of jaw teeth (Ref. 118638). Head length 30.8-36.0% of standard length; lower pharyngeal with large toothed area with straight or slightly convex sides; median length of pharyngeal bone 1.14-1.32 times its width and 38.2-42.2% of head length; blade 1.0-1.7 times median length of toothed area; length of lower jaw 28.4-34.5% of head length; teeth of jaws in 4-6 rows (Ref. 2). Females and juveniles with greyish-brown bodies and 4-5 vertical bars (Ref. 118638). Males are black with a white margin to the dorsal and tailfins; the genital tassel can be long and branched and pinkish to bright yellow (Ref. 2, 118638). It is one of the 'chambo' group Oreochromis from the Lake Malawi catchment; females and non-territorial males cannot be reliably distinguished from those of Oreochromis squamipinnis; females and non-territorial males from Lake Ikapu are a bright golden colour (Ref. 118638).

أحياء     المصطلحات (على سبيل المثال epibenthic)

It is found in all kinds of habitats; it has been observed in shallow vegetated bays, in intermediate habitats, over sand, and in purely rocky biotopes (Ref. 5595). At most locations it is found at shallow levels, rarely deeper than 10 metres (Ref. 5595), but it can be present from the surface waters to depths of 40-50m (Ref. 118638). It feeds on phytoplankton and on diatom sediment on the sand; the so-called 'multitooth' morph at Cape Maclear grazes from rocks and might harvest the loose aufwuchs (Ref. 5595). A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories from shallow water down to at least 28m; males dig pits, which are sometimes huge craters with a small raised platform of fine sand (Ref. 118638). It is an important component of the fisheries catch in Lake Malawi (Ref. 118638). The IUCN conservation status is rated as endangered, based on declining fishery catches due to overfishing (Ref. 118638).

Life cycle and mating behavior النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae

A maternal mouthbrooder; males defend territories from shallow water down to at least 28m; males dig pits, which are sometimes huge craters with a small raised platform of fine sand (Ref. 118638). Breeding period extends over several months as noted in Lake Malombe, at present one of the main breeding areas for this species (Ref. 6150). Males build nests on a variety of substrata and at depths of 0.5m to at least 28m; nests generally 0.3-1.9m diameter, with dimensions correlated to male size (Ref. 55079). Nest with a characteristic spawning cone in its center (Ref. 5595). Courtship appears to occur mainly in the early morning (Ref. 40193, 55079), and consist of leading, followed by tilting and head-down quivering if the female follows the male to the nest (Ref. 40193). A female with 324 young of 15mm long in the mouth has been caught (Ref. 2781). Females keep guarding their fry until they are about 24 mm (Ref. 2781, 6150).

المرجع الرئيسي Upload your references | مراجع | المنظم : Kullander, Sven O. | المتعاونين

Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels, 1991. Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  معرضه للخطر بشكل حرج (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 22 May 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

خطر للأنسان

  Harmless





استخدامات بشرية

مصائد: تجاري
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

مزيد من المعلومات

الأسماء الشائعة
مرادفات
الأيض
مفتريسات
علم السميات البيئية
التكاثر
النضج
وضع البيض
تجمعات وضع البيض
الخصوبة
بيض
تطور البيضة
العمر/ الحجم
نمو
الطول-الوزن
الطول-الطول
الطول- الترددات
قياسات المظهر الخارجي
الوصف الخارجي
Larvae
حركة انتقال اليرقات
توظيف
الوفرة
BRUVS
مراجع
الأستزراع المائي
ملف الأستزراع المائي
سلالات
جيني
Electrophoreses
التوريث
الأمراض
معالجة
Nutrients
Mass conversion
المتعاونين
صور
Stamps, Coins Misc.
اصوات
التسمم باكل السمك
سرعة
نوع السباحة
منطقة الخياشيم
عظمة الأذن
دماغ
رؤية

أدوات

تقارير خاصة

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مصادر علي الأنترنت

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | البحث في مراقبي الأسماك | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, الانواع | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: الوراثة, نيوكلوتيدة | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | شجرة الحياة | Wikipedia: ذهب, بحث | World Records Freshwater Fishing | سجلات علم الحيوانات

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00716 - 0.02213), b=2.96 (2.82 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref. 120179):  وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.24-0.56).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
فئة السعر (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 14 [6, 73] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.54, 2.88] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.2, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.387 [0.134, 1.079] g/100g; Selenium = 85 [31, 197] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.7 [4.5, 81.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.06 [1.13, 4.89] mg/100g (wet weight);