分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 12 - 354 m (Ref. 9710), usually 24 - 65 m (Ref. 5217). 亚热带的; 30°N - 30°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumtropical. Western Indian Ocean: off Natal and East London in South Africa (Ref. 3197, 11228); Reunion, Mauritius and Cargados Carajos (Ref. 33390); Seychelles (Ref. 10685). Western Pacific: southern Japan to New Caledonia. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Western Atlantic: Bermuda and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Azores, Madeira, St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), Ascension Island, Cape Verde, and Gulf of Guinea. Eastern Central Pacific: Mexico (including Revillagigedo Islands) to Costa Rica.
Circumtropical。 西印度洋: 在南非的纳塔尔外海与东伦敦;(参考文献 3197,11228) 留尼旺岛，模里西斯与开克杜凯拉攸岛;(参考文献 33390) 塞锡尔群岛.(参考文献 10685) 西太平洋: 日本南部到新加勒多尼亚。 最近记录自东加。 (参考文献 53797) 西大西洋: 百慕达群岛, 墨西哥湾北部到巴西的桑托斯; 大安地列斯群岛与小安地列斯群岛.(参考文献 9626) 东大西洋: 亚速群岛，马得拉群岛，圣保罗岩礁 (参考文献 13121) ，阿森松岛，维德角與幾內亞灣。 中太平洋東部: 墨西哥 (包括雷維拉吉哥多島) 到哥斯大黎加。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 38 - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 17.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 20-22; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 19.
头部的上面轮廓陡峭的, 较前端些微地凹曲; 嘴相当大的, 颚骨几乎延伸到眼的中心; 深橄榄灰色到几乎黑色的在背部上, 颜色变化成蓝灰色的腹地; 鳞甲黑色.(参考文献 13442)
An oceanic and insular species, very much restricted to clear oceanic waters (Ref. 9283). Not commonly found in shallow banks (Ref. 9283). Sometimes seen near drop-off at outer edge of reefs (Ref. 26938). Occasionally forming schools. Feed on fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Marketed mainly fresh, also dried or salted (Ref. 9283).
一个大洋性的与岛屿鱼种, 非常局限于清澈的大洋性水域了.(参考文献 9283) 不常发现于浅滩浅堆。 (参考文献 9283) 有时在礁的外部边缘的急下降的附近见到.(参考文献 26938) 偶然地形成群体。 捕食鱼在晚上。 (参考文献 5213) 生鲜地主要地在市场上销售, 也乾燥或盐腌.(参考文献 9283)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Circumtropical。 西印度洋: 在南非的纳塔尔外海与东伦敦;(参考文献 3197,11228) 留尼旺岛，模里西斯与开克杜凯拉攸岛;(参考文献 33390) 塞锡尔群岛.(参考文献 10685) 西太平洋: 日本南部到新加勒多尼亚。 最近记录自东加。 (参考文献 53797) 西大西洋: 百慕达群岛, 墨西哥湾北部到巴西的桑托斯; 大安地列斯群岛与小安地列斯群岛.(参考文献 9626) 东大西洋: 亚速群岛，马得拉群岛，圣保罗岩礁 (参考文献 13121) ，阿森松岛，维德角與幾內亞灣。 中太平洋東部: 墨西哥 (包括雷維拉吉哥多島) 到哥斯大黎加。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21 - 28.4, mean 27.1 °C (based on 1117 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01424 - 0.02120), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12).
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.47, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.6 [8.7, 42.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.471 [0.233, 0.996] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.8, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.326 [0.167, 0.626] g/100g; Selenium = 49.4 [20.4, 117.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.6 [5.9, 67.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.309 [0.207, 0.482] mg/100g (wet weight);
