分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Tetragonuridae (Squaretails)
方尾鯧科 (Squaretails)
Etymology: Tetragonurus: Greek, tetra = four + Greek, gonia = angle + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335); cuvieri: Named after G.C.L.D. Cuvier 1769-1832, a founder of modern ichthyology (Ref. 6885).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海區的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 800 m (Ref. 10823). 深水域
Eastern Pacific: Aleutian Islands, Alaska to Baja California, Mexico; Chile (Ref. 9068). Western Pacific: Japan (Ref. 559), New Zealand and Australia (Ref. 6885). Western Indian Ocean: Natal, South Africa (Ref. 4415). Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean (Ref. 4415).
東太平洋: 阿留申群島, 阿拉斯加到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞; 智利.(參考文獻 9068) 西太平洋: 日本 (參考文獻 559) ，紐西蘭與澳洲.(參考文獻 6885) 西印度洋: 南非的納塔爾.(參考文獻 4415) 大西洋, 包括地中海.(參考文獻 4415)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4415)
背棘 (總數): 15 - 21; 背的軟條 (總數): 12-15; 臀棘 1; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 52. Pectorals and pelvic fins small (Ref. 6885). Dark brown, paler at base of tail and on head, otherwise almost uniform throughout (Ref. 6885).
胸鰭與腹鰭小的.(參考文獻 6885) 深褐色的, 較灰白的在尾部的基底與在頭部上, 不一樣地幾乎均勻始終.(參考文獻 6885)
Oceanic, usually near surface; possibly near bottom. Perhaps occurs in schools. Young usually among jellyfishes or inside large salps. Feeds on jellyfishes and salps (Ref. 2850), also other soft-bodied coelenterates, ctenophores, as well as plankton. There are conflicting reports that the flesh of this species is poisonous (Ref. 11149).
大洋性的, 通常近表面的; 可能地在底部的附近。 也許出現於魚群中。 幼魚通常在水母之中或在大的被囊動物裡。 吃水母與被囊動物 (參考文獻 2850), 也其他的身體柔軟的腔腸動物，櫛水母, 以及浮游生物。 有爭執報告「這種的肉是有毒的」。 (參考文獻 11149)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東太平洋: 阿留申群島, 阿拉斯加到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞; 智利.(參考文獻 9068) 西太平洋: 日本 (參考文獻 559) ，紐西蘭與澳洲.(參考文獻 6885) 西印度洋: 南非的納塔爾.(參考文獻 4415) 大西洋, 包括地中海.(參考文獻 4415)
Haedrich, R.L., 1986. Tetragonuridae. p. 851. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4415)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.6 - 17.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 809 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.1 [8.1, 49.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.298 [0.130, 0.826] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.044, 0.280] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [6.2, 47.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [4, 264] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.487 [0.266, 0.950] mg/100g (wet weight);
