分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (Ref. 121773). 熱帶; 30°N - 10°N, 34°E - 76°E
Northern Indian Ocean: from the Red Sea to western India, including the Persian Gulf.
西太平洋: 泰國到印尼東南部。 記錄來自印度了, 但是由於與 Himantura imbricata 混淆, 在印度洋的它的西方分布是不清楚的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 16.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27550)
Demersal on insular and continental shelves, and occasionally found in coastal embayments (Ref.58048). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Caught in large quantities as by-catch of bottom trawl and trammel net fisheries. Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its very small size (Ref.58048).
丰富的在沿海地区。 也冒险进入大的沿岸海湾。 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with histotrophy. Gives birth to litters of 1-2 pups; no reproductive synchronicity. Born at 8-10 cm WD (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西太平洋: 泰國到印尼東南部。 記錄來自印度了, 但是由於與 Himantura imbricata 混淆, 在印度洋的它的西方分布是不清楚的。
Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno, 1999. Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
临近濒危 (NT) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 February 2017
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 28.1 - 29.1, mean 28.8 °C (based on 326 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00214 (0.00123 - 0.00371), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
