Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801)

Hardyhead silverside

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Atheriniformes \| Atherinidae \| Atherininae
Synonyms	Atherina lacunosa, Atherinomorus lacunosa, Pranesus lacunosus, ... more
Common names	Broad-banded hardyhead, Slender hardyhead, Sandsmelt, ... more

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Image of Atherinomorus lacunosus (Hardyhead silverside)

Picture by Randall, J.E.

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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Ivantsoff, W. and L.E.L.M. Crowley. 1991. (Ref. 2909)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : Dyer, Brian S. | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635)

Environment

Reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 39 m (Ref. 11897)

Climate / Range

Subtropical; 32°N - 23°S

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaii, the Samoan and Phoenix islands, north to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland, Australia and New Caledonia. Recently migrated into the eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. Replaced by Atherinomorus insularum in the Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 37816).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 11; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 12 - 17; Vertebrae: 38 - 43. Distal end of upper jaw extending backward to vertical through anterior border of pupil; free edge of dentary bone almost flat, with no posterior elevation; scales in midlateral series 39-44 (Ref. 9760). Ramus of premaxilla long, extending past vertical through anterior border of pupil. Anus at or in front of ventral tips. Four pit-like pores on dorsal surface of head, usually covered by large scale. Axillary scales large but usually shed. Body green, light yellow or brownish. Upper half of body always darker. Most scales edged with black. (see also Ref. 559).

Common in large schools along sandy shorelines and reef margins. Slow moving and not well regarded as bait. Feeds on zooplankton, small bottom-living invertebrates (Ref. 5980). Extremely important as forage fish for larger species (Ref. 3302). Sold fresh, or salted and dried (Ref. 12484). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100)	Medium

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Bailly, Nicolas

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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