分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 17 - 22 m (Ref. 57178). 溫帶; 72°N - 38°N, 25°W - 22°E
Northeast Atlantic: Lisbon north to Finnmark, around the British Isles, in the Skagerrak and Kattegat and Iceland.
東北大西洋: 在史卡基拉克海域與 Kattegat 與冰島中,英國島的周圍，里斯本北至 Finnmark 。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 17.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length :20 cm TL (female); 最大年齡: 3.00 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Head relatively small, more than five times in SL. No lobed fold of skin above the upper lip. First fin ray followed by a row of small, fleshy filaments. Dark brown dorsally, reddish to blackish grading to pale gray-brown ventrally (Ref. 1371). One barbel on the lower jaw and four on the snout (Ref. 35388).
頭部相當小的, 超過五倍於分之一標準體長。 在上嘴唇上面的皮膚沒有葉狀摺層。 第一個鰭鰭條跟隨著一列小又肉質的絲狀突起了。 背部深褐色, 淡紅的到黑色的漸層色到灰白色-腹地的褐色.(參考文獻 1371) 一個觸鬚在下頜上與四在吻部上.(參考文獻 35388)
A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Generally close to the shore, not descending to great depths beyond the limits of the distribution of green algae (20 m), preferring rock bottoms but also living on sandy, muddy, and shell gravel bottoms. Feed mainly on crustaceans, sometimes also on algae, polychaetes, gastropods and occasionally, small fish. Occurs in temperatures ranging from 8 to 24°C (Ref. 4944).
一個定居的潮間帶的種有歸巢的行為。 (參考文獻 32612) 通常接近海岸, 不下降到大的深度超過綠藻 (20 公尺) 的分布的限制, 偏愛石質底部也生活在上沙的﹐泥濘的, 與貝殼礫石底部。 主要捕食甲殼動物, 有時也吃藻類，多毛類動物腹足動物與偶然地, 小魚。 出現於溫度範圍從 8 到 24 °C 。 (參考文獻 4944)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs and larvae are pelagic. 東北大西洋: 在史卡基拉克海域與 Kattegat 與冰島中,英國島的周圍，里斯本北至 Finnmark 。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.4 - 11.8, mean 10.3 °C (based on 52 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00278 - 0.01038), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=1; tmax=3; Fec=9,000-30,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 78.7 [38.0, 196.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.469 [0.234, 1.058] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.5, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.157, 0.717] g/100g; Selenium = 10.9 [4.9, 24.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [2.5, 52.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.701 [0.465, 1.075] mg/100g (wet weight);
