分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 57911), usually 1 - 10 m. 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 42°S, 97°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: continental waters from Cape Cod to southeastern Florida (?) in the USA; also southern Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 58839). Reported (but not known for certain) from Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Caribbean islands, and northern South America. Often confused with Myliobatis goodei (Ref. 3173).
西大西洋: 大陸的水域從科德角到佛羅里達東南方 (?) 在美國; 也巴西南部。 從墨西哥灣, 佛羅里達與加勒比海的島 , 與南美洲北部報告 (但是不知道確實) 。 時常與 Myliobatis goodei 互相混淆。 (參考文獻 3173)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 65.0, range 60 - 70 cm
Max length : 129 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 49746); common length : 70.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Disk broad with long sharply pointed wings and projecting snout. Tail very long, Few middorsal spines on disk in adults (Ref. 7251). Greyish, reddish chocolate or dusky brown above. Lower surface either pure white or whitish. Teeth green (Ref. 6902).
圆盘宽的有长非常尖的翼与突出的吻。 尾部非常长的, 当成鱼时的在圆盘上的少数背面中央的棘.(参考文献 7251) 略灰色的，淡红褐色的或暗褐色的上方。 下表面或全白色或微白色的。 齿绿色.(参考文献 6902)
Found frequently in coastal waters to 10 m depth, mainly in shallow estuaries. Capable of traveling long distances, occasionally leaps out of the water. Swims in midwater. Cruises slowly over the bottom, rooting out bivalves with its beak and wings when feeding (Ref. 7251). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
对 10 公尺深时常在沿岸水域中发现, 主要在水浅的河口。 能够长距离移动, 偶然地从水中跳出来。 在中层水域中游泳。 慢慢地巡游在底部之上, 当进食，根除二枚贝用它的喙与翼。 (参考文献 7251) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).西大西洋: 大陸的水域從科德角到佛羅里達東南方 (?) 在美國; 也巴西南部。 從墨西哥灣, 佛羅里達與加勒比海的島 , 與南美洲北部報告 (但是不知道確實) 。 時常與 Myliobatis goodei 互相混淆。 (參考文獻 3173)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.2 - 28.1, mean 24.2 °C (based on 594 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00123 - 0.01235), b=3.08 (2.82 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=4-8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.7 [3.0, 78.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.619 [0.159, 1.673] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [16.5, 26.6] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.074, 0.765] g/100g; Selenium = 23.1 [6.7, 60.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.5 [4.4, 24.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.737 [0.363, 1.334] mg/100g (wet weight);
