Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790)

Spotted eagle ray

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Elasmobranchii \| Rajiformes \| Myliobatidae \| Myliobatinae
Synonyms	Raja narinari, Stoasodon narinari, Aetobatis latirostris, ... more
Common names	Skate, Spotted eagleray, Sunfish, ... more

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Image of Aetobatus narinari (Spotted eagle ray)

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AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens. 1994. (Ref. 6871)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 330 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 58048); common length : 180 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 6871); max. published weight: 230.0 kg (Ref. 7251)

Environment

Reef-associated; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 80 m (Ref. 9710), usually 1 - ? m (Ref. 55257)

Climate / Range

Subtropical; 43°N - 32°S, 115°W - 154°W (Ref. 55257)

Western Atlantic: North Carolina (summer) and Florida, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Throughout Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, including Antilles (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola (Ref. 4440). Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii, north to Japan, south to Australia (Ref. 9862). Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Puerto Pizarro, Peru and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5530). There may be more than one species of spotted Aetobatus (Ref. 9862). Based on combined genealogical concordance and genetic distance criteria, Richards et. al, 2009 (Ref. 81079) recommend that the Western/Central Pacific lineage be recognized as a distinct species from lineages in the Central Atlantic and Eastern Pacific (which are proposed as subspecies)..
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0. An eagleray with a long snout, flat and rounded like a duck's bill, a thick head, and a pectoral disc with sharply curved, angular corners, and no caudal fin; jaws usually with single row of flat, chevron-shaped teeth (Ref. 5578). Each tooth a crescent-shaped plate joined into a band (Ref. 26938). Numerous white spots on black or bluish disc; white below (Ref. 5578). Long whiplike tail, with a long spine near the base, behind small dorsal fin. No spines on disk (Ref. 7251).

Commonly found in shallow inshore waters such as bays and coral reefs but may cross oceanic basins (Ref. 9862). Benthopelagic, found near land at 1-60 m (Ref. 58302). Sometimes enters estuaries (Ref. 6871). Swims close to the surface, occasionally leaping out of the water, or close to the bottom (Ref. 3175). Frequently forming large schools during the non-breeding season (Ref. 7251). Feeds mainly on bivalves but also eats shrimps, crabs, octopus and worms, whelks, and small fishes (Ref. 9862). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Flesh edible (Ref. 30573). Over 3 m disc width and up to 880 cm total length if the long tail is undamaged (Ref. 30573). Bears young in litters of 2-4 (Ref.58048,Ref. 26938). Tail used as a decorative item (Ref. 27550). Common catch of the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl, inshore gillnet and, to a lesser extent, demersal longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat and cartilage (Ref.58048).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Near Threatened (NT)	Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)

Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (tm=4-6; Fec=4)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100)	Medium

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Wiethüchter, Anita

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