分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes)
鱸形目 (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Pseudupeneus: Greek, pseudes = false + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 90 m (Ref. 9626), usually 0 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 40°N - 30°S, 98°W - 28°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and New Jersey, USA to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756), including the Gulf of Mexico and throughout the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626).
西大西洋: 對巴西聖保羅 (參考文獻 57756) 的百慕達群島與美國的紐澤西, 包括墨西哥灣與在加勒比海各處.(參考文獻 9626)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 18.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 22.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3792)
背棘 (總數): 8 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 8. A series of three large blackish blotches on upper side of body beneath dorsal fins; color variable but usually pale, the scales of the back with reddish or yellowish brown edges and a central pale blue spot; diagonal light blue lines on head. Capable of displaying a pattern of large red blotches on head and body in less than a minute (Ref. 13442).
在背鰭之下的在身體的上側面上的一系列的三個大的黑色斑塊; 色彩可變的但是通常灰白的, 背部的鱗片有淡紅的色彩或土黃色邊緣與一個中央的藍灰色斑點; 在頭部上的斜線淺藍色線。 在少於一分鐘的時間內在頭部與身體上能顯現一個大紅色的斑塊圖案。 (參考文獻 13442)
Inhabits shallow waters to depths of 90 m (Ref. 9626), especially over sand and rock bottoms in reef areas. Young juveniles often found on beds of seagrass, e.g. Thalassia. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 9626). Flesh highly esteemed; marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 3792). Traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
棲息於淺水域到深度 90 公尺 (參考文獻 9626), 在礁區尤其在沙子與石質底部之上。 年幼的稚魚時常發現於海草的床，例如 Thalassia 。 吃小型無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 9626) 肉深受喜愛的; 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍.(參考文獻 3792) 在巴西的塞阿臘作為一個水族館魚交易了。 (參考文獻 49392)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawnng may either be in pairs or in small groups (Ref. 240).西大西洋: 對巴西聖保羅 (參考文獻 57756) 的百慕達群島與美國的紐澤西, 包括墨西哥灣與在加勒比海各處.(參考文獻 9626)
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.8 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 680 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00943 - 0.01218), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.3-0.7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [14.4, 70.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.495 [0.234, 0.896] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.147, 0.488] g/100g; Selenium = 15 [7, 29] μg/100g; VitaminA = 72.6 [22.5, 282.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.77 [0.47, 1.18] mg/100g (wet weight);
