Alosa immaculata Bennett, 1835

Pontic shad

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Clupeiformes \| Clupeidae
Synonyms	Alosa pontica moriac, Clupea eichwaldi, Clupea eichwaldii, ... more
Common names	Alose de la mer Noire, Sábalo del Mar Negro, Black Sea shad, ... more

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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Kottelat, M. 1997. (Ref. 13696)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 39.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 188); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 10439)

Environment

Pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 3 - 90 m (Ref. 10439)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 50°N - 41°N, 27°E - 44°E

Eurasia: Black Sea and Sea of Azov ( in sea and in the Don, Danube and other rivers, as much as 567 km up the Don and as far as Kiev on the Dneiper before the dam was built). Recognized sub-species (Ref. 683): Alosa pontica pontica in the Black Sea and rivers feeding it; Alosa pontica kessleri and Alosa pontica volgensis in the Caspian Sea. Appendix III of the Bern Convention (protected fauna).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0. Body fairly elongate, more `herring-like' than `shad-like'. Gill rakers rather thin, usually equal to or a little shorter than gill filaments. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Resembles A. caspia, which usually has more Gill rakers (50 to 180, much longer than gill filaments), poorly developed teeth and a deeper, `shad-like' body; A. maeotica has fewer Gill rakers (33 to 36).

Migrates northward in the Black Sea in spring and early summer. Feeds mainly on small fishes (Engraulis, Clupeonella, Sprattus), but also crustaceans (Crangon, Upogebia, Idothea, gammarids). Spawns in rivers from mid-May to mid-August in lower reaches to as much as 500 km or more upstream. The young descend quickly but remain in or near deltas or estuaries until winter. Reaches a smaller size (30 cm SL, usually 14-18) in Don River; a smaller form reaches only 21 cm.


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Vulnerable (VU) (B2ab(v))	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.32; tm=2; tmax=9)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100)	High

Entered by Binohlan, Crispina B.

Modified by Kesner-Reyes, Kathleen

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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