分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m. 熱帶; 44°N - 14°N, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Central Atlantic: Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Also reported from Lebanon in the eastern Mediterranean. Its exact distribution and abundance are unknown because most published records do not separate it from Sphyraena sphyraena. Also in Azores Islands (Ref. 44330).
中東大西洋: 維德角與加納利群島。 在地中海東部中也記錄自黎巴嫩。 因為出版記錄的大部分不區隔它和 Sphyraena sphyraena ，所以它的精確分布與豐度是未知的。 也在亞速群島島.(參考文獻 44330)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 128 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 40.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 11101); 最大体重: 8.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Body slender, fusiform with conical, hydrodynamical snout. Mouth long, with low protractile capacity and with prognatic lower jaw, has two rows of long canine-like teeth. Has no scale on preoperculum. Upper half of body has numerous vertical dark bands extending below the lateral line in the anterior part of the flanks (Ref. 44330).
身体细长的, 纺锤型有锥形的, hydrodynamical 吻。 嘴长的，藉由低的可伸出的能力与 prognatic 下颌，有两列的长像犬齿一样的齿。 在前鳃盖骨上没有鳞片。 身体的上半部有在侧面的较前端中向下延伸侧线的很多的垂直深色条纹。 (参考文献 44330)
Its habits are probably similar to those of the phylogenetically closely related Sphyraena sphyraena (Ref. 6949). Feeds on cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes. Caught in trammel nets and beach seines (Ref. 11101).
它的习惯是可能类似那些那系统发育地接近地讲 Sphyraena sphyraena.(参考文献 6949) 吃头足类动物，甲壳动物和鱼类。 在三层刺网与海滩围网捕获了。 (参考文献 11101)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
中東大西洋: 維德角與加納利群島。 在地中海東部中也記錄自黎巴嫩。 因為出版記錄的大部分不區隔它和 Sphyraena sphyraena ，所以它的精確分布與豐度是未知的。 也在亞速群島島.(參考文獻 44330)
De Sylva, D.P., 1990. Sphyraenidae. p. 860-864. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6949)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.09 - 21.5475, mean 18.83 °C (based on 230 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00339 - 0.01546), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 12.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.6 [14.0, 87.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.551 [0.256, 1.217] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.059, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 52.3 [20.6, 141.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [2.3, 74.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.508 [0.306, 0.883] mg/100g (wet weight);
