Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854

English sole

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Actinopterygii \| Pleuronectiformes \| Pleuronectidae \| Pleuronectinae
Synonyms	Pleuronectes vetulus, Parophrys hubbardii, Pleuronectes digrammus, ... more
Common names	Carlottin anglais, Soya inglesa, Carlottin anglais, ... more

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Image of Parophrys vetulus (English sole)

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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau. 1998. (Ref. 30193)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 49.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6885); 57 cm TL (female); common length : 33.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56527); max. published weight: 1,500 g (Ref. 56527); max. reported age: 17 years (Ref. 56527)

Environment

Demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6793)

Climate / Range

Temperate; 66°N - 26°N, 170°W - 110°W

Eastern Pacific: Bering Sea to Bahia San Cristobal, central Baja California, Mexico (Ref. 27436). Hybridizes with Platichthys stellatus - the hybrid, called Inopsetta ischyra, may be found from the Bering Sea to San Francisco, California, USA.
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 72 - 92; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 45 - 70; Vertebrae: 41 - 44. Dorsal origin above middle of upper eye. Pectorals inclined to be pointed.

Inhabits sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Young occur in intertidal areas. Feeds on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks (Ref. 6885). Makes extensive migrations (Ref. 6885).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Not Evaluated	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

Tools
Biogeographic modelling \| E-book \| Field guide \| Length-frequency wizard \| Life-history tool \| LifeMapper \| Point map

Special reports
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Summary page \| Point data \| Common names \| Photos

Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=3; tmax=17; K=0.24; Fec=150,000)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100)	High

Entered by Froese, Rainer

Modified by Orlov, Alexei

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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