Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Blue skate

Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL

Classification	Elasmobranchii \| Rajiformes \| Rajidae
Synonyms	Raja batis, Batis vulgaris, Propterygia hyposticta, ... more
Common names	Pocheteau gris, Noriega, Blue grey skate, ... more

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Picture by Østergaard, T.

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AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

Main reference

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn. 1998. (Ref. 27314)
Other references | Biblio | Coordinator : McEachran, John | Collaborators

Size / Weight / Age

Max length : 285 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35388); common length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3261); max. published weight: 97.1 kg (Ref. 40637)

Environment

Demersal; marine; depth range 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 4426), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 4426)

Climate / Range

Subtropical; 69°N - 12°N, 30°W - 42°E

Eastern Atlantic: Norway, Iceland, the Faroes to Senegal, including western Mediterranean and western part of the Baltic. Extirpated by trawling from much of its former range (Ref. 27438).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Short description

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0. Snout very long and pointed; length before eyes 2,5-4,0 times distance between them; disc broadly rhombic with acute outer corners; upper surface and underside smooth in young, partly prickly in larger specimens; no thorns on disc, a row of 12-18 thorns along tail; 40-56 tooth rows; upper surface olive-grey or brown with a variable pattern of light spots, underside ashy-grey to blue-grey (Ref. 3167).

Benthic species in shelf and slope waters with a wide tolerance for depth and temperature (Ref. 4426). Found in coastal waters mainly within the 200 m range (Ref. 3167). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals, large individuals prefer fish (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Mate in spring and the egg capsules are laid during the summer. Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.6-24.5 cm long and 5.0-14.5 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 40 eggs per individual are laid annually (Ref. 41250). Flesh is marketed fresh or smoked (Ref. 35388).


IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 57073)	Threat to humans
Critically Endangered (CR) (A2bcd+4bcd)	Harmless

Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes


More information
Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration	Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg development	Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment	Other references Biblio Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing	Collaborators Pictures Stamps Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision

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Internet sources

Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models

Resilience (Ref. 69278)

Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.06; tm=11; tmax=51)


Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)	Price category (Ref. 80766)
Very high vulnerability (86 of 100)	Medium

Entered by Luna, Susan M.

Modified by Bailly, Nicolas

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Page last modified by : elaxamana, 15 July 2009

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