Family Myxinidae - Hagfishes
  Order
:
Myxinidae
  Class
:
Myxini
No. in FishBase
:
Genera : 6 | Species : 88 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
  Environment
:
Fresh : No | Brackish : No | Marine : Yes
  Division
:
Marine
  Aquarium
:
none
  First Fossil Record
:
     
  Remark
:
Distribution: Marine, temperate zones of the world, all oceans except the Red Sea, Arctic, and Southern oceans; only deep water in tropical areas. The few available studies indicate that hagfishes do not migrate beyond 100 km (Bo Fernholm, pers. comm., 2004). The latitudinal range extends from the Arctic Circle to the South Shetland Islands, near Antarctica, with most species are found in temperate and tropical waters (Ref. 123790). Habitat: live in close association with soft-bottom substrates (sand or mud), but some are mainly on hard bottoms where burrowing is not possible. Known to occur at 5000 m depths but some have been observed swimming in surface waters or have been collected in tide pools (Ref. 117245). Some species are closely associated with deep-sea coral reefs, hydrothermal vents and cold seeps (Ref. 123790). Morphology: Jaws absent, no bones. Body naked, eel-like. 1-16 pairs of external gill openings. No paired fins, no dorsal fin. Part of caudal fin extends onto dorsal and ventral surfaces. Degenerate eyes. Laterally biting mouth bearing barbels. Teeth only on tongue plus one on 'palate'. Mucous pores in 2 ventrolateral lines, each line with about 70-200 glands containing mucous cells and thread cells. Iteroparous (Ref. 94918). Only vertebrates with body fluids iso-osmotic with seawater. Behavior: exhibit knotting where the body is thrown into a know that gradually slips along the body to get rid of excess slime or to enable them to bite flesh off their prey (Ref. 117245). Reproduction: ovaries and testes in same individual but functionally non-hermaphroditic. Up to 30 large yolky eggs (about 20 mm long, Ref. 117245). No larval phase and thus no metamorphosis. Important predators (often scavengers) on invertebrates and others, e.g., netted fishes and discard. Trophic ecology: Prey item for marine mammals and large predatory invertebrates. Also are scavengers. feeding on dead or dying fishes, invertebrates and marine mammals. Maximum length: About 110 cm max length. Utilization: as food in Japan and South Korea. Their hides are processed into 'eel skin' in Korea.
  Etymology
:
Greek, myxinos, -ou = a kind of viscose skin ( Ref. 45335).
  Reproductive guild
:
nonguarders
  Typical activity level
:
  Main Ref.
:
  Coordinator
:
  Deep Fin Classification
:

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | Identification keys | CAS specimen photos | References

 
Ref.
[ e.g. 9948]
Glossary
[ e.g. cephalopods]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Myxinidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

Show all | Show only accepted name | Show only accepted and original names
Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Myxininae
Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus, 1758
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
ambiguousotheroriginal
ambiguousotheroriginal
ambiguousotheroriginal
Myxine australis Jenyns, 1842
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine acutifrons Garman, 1899
synonymjuniororiginal
Myxine glutinosa (non Linnaeus, 1758)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Myxine tridentiger (non Garman, 1899)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Notomyxine tridentiger (non Garman, 1899)
misappliedmisappliednew
Myxine limosa Girard, 1859
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine atlantica Regan, 1913
synonymjuniororiginal
Myxine affinis Günther, 1870
acceptedseniororiginal
Muraenoblenna olivacea Lacepède, 1803
ambiguousotheroriginal
Myxine circifrons Garman, 1899
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine garmani Jordan & Snyder, 1901
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine capensis Regan, 1913
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine glutinosa (non Linnaeus, 1758)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Myxine paucidens Regan, 1913
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine ios Fernholm, 1981
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine mcmillanae Hensley, 1991
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine debueni Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine dorsum Wisner & McMillan, 1995
provisionally acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine fernholmi Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine hubbsi Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine hubbsoides Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine knappi Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine mccoskeri Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
! Myxne mccoskeri Wisner & McMillan, 1995
synonymseniororiginal
Myxine pequenoi Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine robinsorum Wisner & McMillan, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
! Myxine robinsi Wisner & McMillan, 1995
synonymseniororiginal
Myxine formosana Mok & Kuo, 2001
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine sotoi Mincarone, 2001
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine kuoi Mok, 2002
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine jespersenae Møller, Feld, Poulsen, Thomsen & Thormar, 2005
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine greggi Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021
acceptedseniororiginal
Myxine martinii Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021
acceptedseniororiginal
! Myxine martini Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021
synonymseniororiginal
Myxine phantasma Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021
acceptedseniororiginal
Notomyxine tridentiger (Garman, 1899)
acceptedseniornew
Myxine tridentiger Garman, 1899
synonymseniororiginal
Neomyxine biniplicata (Richardson & Jowett, 1951)
acceptedseniornew
Myxine biniplicata Richardson & Jowett, 1951
synonymseniororiginal
Neomyxine caesiovitta Stewart & Zintzen, 2015
acceptedseniororiginal
Nemamyxine elongata Richardson, 1958
acceptedseniororiginal
Nemamyxine kreffti McMillan & Wisner, 1982
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretinae
Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster, 1801)
acceptedseniornew
Petromyzon cirrhatus Forster, 1801
synonymseniororiginal
Homea banksii Fleming, 1822
synonymjuniororiginal
Eptatretus banksii (Fleming, 1822)
synonymjuniornew
Bdellostoma forsteri Müller, 1836
synonymjuniororiginal
Eptatretus hexatrema (Müller, 1836)
acceptedseniornew
Bdellostoma hexatrema Müller, 1836
synonymseniororiginal
Heptatretus hexatrema (Müller, 1836)
synonymseniornew
Eptatretus burgeri (Girard, 1855)
acceptedseniornew
Bdellostoma burgeri Girard, 1855
synonymseniororiginal
Heptatretus burgeri (Girard, 1855)
synonymseniornew
Homea burgeri (Girard, 1855)
synonymseniornew
! Heptatrema cirrhatum (non Forster, 1801)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Eptatretus polytrema (Girard, 1855)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus stoutii (Lockington, 1878)
acceptedseniornew
Bdellostoma stoutii Lockington, 1878
synonymseniororiginal
Polistotrema stoutii (Lockington, 1878)
synonymseniornew
! Bdellostoma stouti Lockington, 1878
synonymseniororiginal
! Eptatretus stouti (Lockington, 1878)
synonymseniornew
Eptatretus bischoffii (Schneider, 1880)
acceptedseniornew
Bdellostoma bischoffii Schneider, 1880
synonymseniororiginal
! Eptatretus bischoffi (Schneider, 1880)
synonymseniornew
! Eptatretus bischoffli (Schneider, 1880)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
Eptatretus decatrema (Regan, 1912)
synonymjuniornew
Eptatretus atami (Dean, 1904)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine atami Dean, 1904
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
Homea okinoseana Dean, 1904
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus deani (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907)
acceptedseniornew
Polistotrema deani Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907
synonymseniororiginal
Polistotrema curtissjamesi Townsend & Nichols, 1925
synonymjuniororiginal
Eptatretus octatrema (Barnard, 1923)
acceptedseniornew
Heptatretus octatrema Barnard, 1923
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus profundus (Barnard, 1923)
acceptedseniornew
Heptatretus profundus Barnard, 1923
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus springeri (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1952)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine springeri Bigelow & Schroeder, 1952
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus yangi (Teng, 1958)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine yangi Teng, 1958
synonymseniororiginal
Quadratus yangi (Teng, 1958)
synonymseniornew
Eptatretus cheni (Shen & Tao, 1975)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine cheni Shen & Tao, 1975
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus taiwanae (Shen & Tao, 1975)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine taiwanae Shen & Tao, 1975
synonymseniororiginal
Quadratus taiwanae (Shen & Tao, 1975)
synonymseniornew
Eptatretus minor Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus multidens Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus caribbeaus Fernholm, 1982
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus carlhubbsi McMillan & Wisner, 1984
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus indrambaryai Wongratana, 1984
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus laurahubbsae McMillan & Wisner, 1984
acceptedseniororiginal
! Eptatretus laurahubbsi McMillan & Wisner, 1984
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus strahani McMillan & Wisner, 1984
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus mendozai Hensley, 1985
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus nanii Wisner & McMillan, 1988
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus fritzi Wisner & McMillan, 1990
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus mcconnaugheyi Wisner & McMillan, 1990
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus sinus Wisner & McMillan, 1990
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus chinensis Kuo & Mok, 1994
acceptedseniororiginal
Paramyxine chinensis (Kuo & Mok, 1994)
synonymseniornew
Eptatretus fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus nelsoni (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine nelsoni Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994
synonymseniororiginal
Quadratus nelsoni (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994)
synonymseniornew
Eptatretus sheni (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine sheni Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus grouseri McMillan, 1999
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus mccoskeri McMillan, 1999
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus menezesi Mincarone, 2000
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus ancon (Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001)
acceptedseniornew
Quadratus ancon Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001
synonymseniororiginal
Paramyxine ancon (Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001)
synonymseniornew
Eptatretus wayuu Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001
acceptedseniororiginal
Paramyxine wayuu (Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001)
synonymseniornew
! Eptatretus wayun Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus moki (McMillan & Wisner, 2004)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine moki McMillan & Wisner, 2004
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus walkeri (McMillan & Wisner, 2004)
acceptedseniornew
Paramyxine walkeri McMillan & Wisner, 2004
synonymseniororiginal
Eptatretus goliath Mincarone & Stewart, 2006
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus strickrotti Møller & Jones, 2007
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus alastairi Mincarone & Fernholm, 2010
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus astrolabium Fernholm & Mincarone, 2010
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus gomoni Mincarone & Fernholm, 2010
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus bobwisneri Fernholm, Norén, Kullander, Quattrini, Zintzen, Roberts, Mok & Kuo, 2013
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus wisneri McMillan, 1999
ambiguoushomonymoriginal
Eptatretus luzonicus Fernholm, Norén, Kullander, Quattrini, Zintzen, Roberts, Mok & Kuo, 2013
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004
ambiguoushomonymoriginal
Eptatretus aceroi Polanco Fernandez & Fernholm, 2014
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus cryptus Roberts & Stewart, 2015
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus poicilus Zintzen & Roberts, 2015
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus albiderma Song & Kim, 2020
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus wandoensis Song & Kim, 2020
acceptedseniororiginal
Eptatretus goslinei Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021
acceptedseniororiginal
Rubicundinae
Rubicundus lopheliae (Fernholm & Quattrini, 2008)
acceptedseniornew
Eptatretus lopheliae Fernholm & Quattrini, 2008
synonymseniororiginal
Rubicundus eos (Fernholm, 1991)
acceptedseniornew
Eptatretus eos Fernholm, 1991
synonymseniororiginal
Rubicundus lakeside (Mincarone & McCosker, 2004)
acceptedseniornew
Eptatretus lakeside Mincarone & McCosker, 2004
synonymseniororiginal
Rubicundus rubicundus (Kuo, Lee & Mok, 2010)
acceptedseniornew
Eptatretus rubicundus Kuo, Lee & Mok, 2010
synonymseniororiginal
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