| Main Ref. | Bailey, K. M., 2011, An empty donut hole: the great collapse of a North American fishery, Ecology and Society 16(2): 28. [online] URL: http//www.ecologyandsociety.org/yoll6/iss2/art28/ | ||
| Spawning type | Unknown | ||
| Aggregation type | Unknown | ||
| Spawning evidence | |||
| Direct | |||
| Spawning observation | |||
| Indirect | |||
| High seasonal landings | |||
| Status | Gone | ||
| Lunar phase | |||
| Habitat type | Unspecified | ||
| Management | Time/area closure | Gear | Mid-water trawl |
| Country | United States (contiguous states) | ||