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Larvae Information Summary for  Echiodon exsilium
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Main Ref: Ambrose, D.A. 1996
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm) 3.5      
Preanal L. % TL        
Place of development planktonic
Larval area California Current region
Yolk-sac ovoid     Ref:  
Yolk   Oil globules one oil globule
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Pigmentation: on lower jaw; posterior to eye; anterior to pectoral and vexillum bud; scattered on yolk; 1 ventrally near midtail; dorsally at end of tail.
Post larvae
Striking feature some dorsal fin rays very elongated
Striking shape lateral eel-like dorsal normal (not striking)
Striking feature some dorsal fin rays very elongated
Shape of gut spherical or gut loop
Gas bladder   early pigmented late  
Spinal armature   early no spines late no spines
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail lateral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head
Peritoneum with row of melanophores
Pectorals normal without melanophores
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent)  
8-11 vertebrae anterior to vexillum origin; 9-11 anal fin rays to dorsal fin origin; 39-42 dorsal fin rays anterior to 31st vertebra; prevexillum length > about 1.6 HL; vexillum just anterior to first dorsal fin ray; preanal fin formation larvae have pigment on tip of lower jaw, on gular region, and internally on snout; anal fin formation larvae have pigment ventrally on gut and dorsoposteriorly on peritoneum later in stage. Transformation length: vexillifer stage to about 130 mm TL; smallest adults about 85 mm TL. Pigmentation: Preanal fin formation: on gular region; over brain and gas bladder; internally anterior and posterior to vexillum to about 66% of tail; primarily midlaterally in posterior about 33% of tail; by about 8 mm TL, only laterally on tail; by about 10.5 mm, only near end of tail. Anal fin formation: at about 14 mm, over cranium and internal ventrally on brain; by 40 mm, dorsoposteriorly on peritoneum. Sequence of fin development: dorsal and anal, pectorals and caudal.
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod     Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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