| FishBase |
| Main Ref: | Jeyaseelan, M.J.P. 1998 | |||
| max | min | mod | Ref. | |
| Length at birth (mm) | ||||
| Preanal L. % TL |
| Place of development | ||||
| Larval area | Asia | |||
| Yolk-sac | Ref: | |||
| Yolk | Oil globules | |||
| Striking feature | ||||
| Striking shape lateral | dorsal | |||
| Striking feature | ||||
| Shape of gut | ||||
| Gas bladder early | late | |||
| Spinal armature early | late | |||
| Early juveniles (based on 8 cm WD): Spiracles less than half the size of eye (as large as an eye in adults). Rough plates over the interobital cranium and middle of back undeveloped. Body is as wide as length with the rostrum pointed straight at the front. Tail is whip-like and slightly longer than the disc length, with a venomous spine and gland (dorsal or ventral cutaneous fold absent). Dorsa and caudal fins at this stage are still absent. Pigmentation: Dorsal surface brownish, yellow spot absent unlike in adults). | ||||
| L 1st feeding | Ref. | Months of presence of larvae | ||||
| max | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | ||
| min | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | ||
| mod | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | ||
| Similar species 1 | 5507Himanturauarnak |
| Remarks | |
| Tail is much longer than the disc, with 30-35 blackish-blue bands and small dark spots of meshworkon the back. | |
| Similar species 2 | Pastinachussephen |
| Remarks | |
| Tail has a cutaneous fold. | |
| Water parameters Metric characters |
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