| Main Ref. | Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Spawning frequency | One clear seasonal peak per year |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Murua, H. and F. Saborido-Rey, 2003 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Adult spawn when the temperature is around 6 °C (Ref. 4705). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |