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| No. | Valid Name | Author | English Name |
| 1. | Odontesthes argentinensis | (Valenciennes, 1835) | |
| 2. | Odontesthes bicudo | Malabarba & Dyer, 2002 | |
| 3. | Odontesthes bonariensis | (Valenciennes, 1835) | Argentinian silverside |
| 4. | Odontesthes brevianalis | (Günther, 1880) | |
| 5. | Odontesthes gracilis | (Steindachner, 1898) | |
| 6. | Odontesthes hatcheri | (Eigenmann, 1909) | |
| 7. | Odontesthes humensis | de Buen, 1953 | |
| 8. | Odontesthes incisa | (Jenyns, 1841) | |
| 9. | Odontesthes ledae | Malabarba & Dyer, 2002 | |
| 10. | Odontesthes mauleanum | (Steindachner, 1896) | |
| 11. | Odontesthes mirinensis | Bemvenuti, 1996 | |
| 12. | Odontesthes nigricans | (Richardson, 1848) | |
| 13. | Odontesthes orientalis | de Buen, 1950 | |
| 14. | Odontesthes perugiae | Evermann & Kendall, 1906 | |
| 15. | Odontesthes piquava | Malabarba & Dyer, 2002 | |
| 16. | Odontesthes platensis | (Berg, 1895) | |
| 17. | Odontesthes regia | (Humboldt, 1821) | Chilean silverside |
| 18. | Odontesthes retropinnis | (de Buen, 1953) | |
| 19. | Odontesthes smitti | (Lahille, 1929) | |
| 20. | Odontesthes wiebrichi | (Eigenmann, 1928) | |
| 21. | Odontesthes yucuman | Wingert, Ferrer & Malabarba, 2017 |