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| No. | Valid Name | Author | English Name |
| 1. | Roeboides affinis | (Günther, 1868) | |
| 2. | Roeboides araguaito | Lucena, 2003 | |
| 3. | Roeboides biserialis | (Garman, 1890) | |
| 4. | Roeboides bouchellei | Fowler, 1923 | Crystal tetra |
| 5. | Roeboides bussingi | Matamoros, Chakrabarty, Angulo, Garita-Alvarado & McMahan, 2013 | |
| 6. | Roeboides carti | Lucena, 2000 | |
| 7. | Roeboides dayi | (Steindachner, 1878) | |
| 8. | Roeboides descalvadensis | Fowler, 1932 | Parana scale-eating characin |
| 9. | Roeboides dientonito | Schultz, 1944 | |
| 10. | Roeboides dispar | Lucena, 2001 | |
| 11. | Roeboides guatemalensis | (Günther, 1864) | Guatemalan headstander |
| 12. | Roeboides ilseae | Bussing, 1986 | |
| 13. | Roeboides loftini | Lucena, 2011 | |
| 14. | Roeboides margareteae | Lucena, 2003 | |
| 15. | Roeboides microlepis | (Reinhardt, 1851) | |
| 16. | Roeboides myersii | Gill, 1870 | |
| 17. | Roeboides numerosus | Lucena, 2000 | |
| 18. | Roeboides occidentalis | Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 | |
| 19. | Roeboides oligistos | Lucena, 2000 | |
| 20. | Roeboides prognathus | (Boulenger, 1895) | |
| 21. | Roeboides sazimai | Lucena, 2007 | |
| 22. | Roeboides xenodon | (Reinhardt, 1851) |