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| No. | Valid Name | Author | English Name |
| 1. | Oligosarcus acutirostris | Menezes, 1987 | |
| 2. | Oligosarcus amome | Almirón, Casciotta, Piálek, Doubnerová, Říčan, 2015 | |
| 3. | Oligosarcus argenteus | Günther, 1864 | |
| 4. | Oligosarcus bolivianus | (Fowler, 1940) | |
| 5. | Oligosarcus brevioris | Menezes, 1987 | |
| 6. | Oligosarcus hepsetus | (Cuvier, 1829) | |
| 7. | Oligosarcus itau | Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta, 2011 | |
| 8. | Oligosarcus jacuiensis | Menezes & Ribeiro, 2010 | |
| 9. | Oligosarcus jenynsii | (Günther, 1864) | |
| 10. | Oligosarcus longirostris | Menezes & Géry, 1983 | |
| 11. | Oligosarcus macrolepis | (Steindachner, 1877) | |
| 12. | Oligosarcus menezesi | Miquelarena & Protogino, 1996 | |
| 13. | Oligosarcus oligolepis | (Steindachner, 1867) | |
| 14. | Oligosarcus paranensis | Menezes & Géry, 1983 | |
| 15. | Oligosarcus perdido | Ribeiro, Cavallaro & Froehlich, 2007 | |
| 16. | Oligosarcus pintoi | Amaral Campos, 1945 | |
| 17. | Oligosarcus planaltinae | Menezes & Géry, 1983 | |
| 18. | Oligosarcus platensis | (Messner, 1962) | |
| 19. | Oligosarcus robustus | Menezes, 1969 | |
| 20. | Oligosarcus schindleri | Menezes & Géry, 1983 | |
| 21. | Oligosarcus solitarius | Menezes, 1987 | |
| 22. | Oligosarcus varii | Menezes & Ribeiro, 2015 |