n = 24
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theraps belone | Allgayer, 1989 | Theraps irregularis | Cichlidae | Arroyo cichlid |
| Theraps bifasciatum | (Steindachner, 1864) | Vieja bifasciata | Cichlidae | Twoband cichlid |
| Theraps coeruleus | Stawikowski & Werner, 1987 | Rheoheros coeruleus | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps fenestratum | (Günther, 1860) | Vieja fenestrata | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps godmanni | (Günther, 1862) | Chuco godmanni | Cichlidae | Southern checkmark cichlid |
| Theraps heterospila | (Hubbs, 1936) | Oscura heterospila | Cichlidae | Montecristo cichlid |
| Theraps heterospilum | (Hubbs, 1936) | Oscura heterospila | Cichlidae | Montecristo cichlid |
| Theraps heterospilus | (Hubbs, 1936) | Oscura heterospila | Cichlidae | Montecristo cichlid |
| Theraps intermedia | (Günther, 1862) | Chuco intermedium | Cichlidae | Northern checkmark cichlid |
| Theraps intermedium | (Günther, 1862) | Chuco intermedium | Cichlidae | Northern checkmark cichlid |
| Theraps intermedius | (Günther, 1862) | Chuco intermedium | Cichlidae | Northern checkmark cichlid |
| Theraps irregulare | Günther, 1862 | Theraps irregularis | Cichlidae | Arroyo cichlid |
| Theraps irregularis | Günther, 1862 | Theraps irregularis | Cichlidae | Arroyo cichlid |
| Theraps lentiginosus | (Steindachner, 1864) | Rheoheros lentiginosus | Cichlidae | Freckled cichlid |
| Theraps maculicauda | (Regan, 1905) | Vieja maculicauda | Cichlidae | Blackbelt cichlid |
| Theraps microphthalma | (Günther, 1862) | Chuco microphthalmus | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps microphthalmus | (Günther, 1862) | Chuco microphthalmus | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps nourissati | Allgayer, 1989 | Wajpamheros nourissati | Cichlidae | Bluemouth cichlid |
| Theraps panamense | (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) | Panamius panamensis | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps rheophilus | Seegers & Staeck, 1985 | Rheoheros lentiginosus | Cichlidae | Freckled cichlid |
| Theraps sieboldii | (Kner, 1863) | Talamancaheros sieboldii | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps terrabae | Jordan & Evermann, 1927 | Talamancaheros underwoodi | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps underwoodi | (Regan, 1908) | Tomocichla tuba | Cichlidae | |
| Theraps wesseli | Miller, 1996 | Chortiheros wesseli | Cichlidae |