n = 61
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ostracion argus | Rüppell, 1828 | Ostracion cubicum | Ostraciidae | Yellow boxfish |
| Ostracion auritus | Shaw, 1798 | Aracana aurita | Aracanidae | Shaw's cowfish |
| Ostracion bicaudale | Linnaeus, 1758 | Lactophrys bicaudalis | Ostraciidae | Spotted trunkfish |
| Ostracion bicaudalis | Linnaeus, 1758 | Lactophrys bicaudalis | Ostraciidae | Spotted trunkfish |
| Ostracion boops | Richardson, 1845 | Ranzania laevis | Molidae | Slender sunfish |
| Ostracion brevicornis | Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | Lactoria diaphana | Ostraciidae | Roundbelly cowfish |
| Ostracion camurum | Jenkins, 1901 | Ostracion meleagris | Ostraciidae | Whitespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion clippertonense | Snodgrass & Heller, 1905 | Ostracion meleagris | Ostraciidae | Whitespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion concatenatus | Bloch, 1785 | Tetrosomus concatenatus | Ostraciidae | Triangular boxfish |
| Ostracion cornutus | Linnaeus, 1758 | Lactoria cornuta | Ostraciidae | Longhorn cowfish |
| Ostracion cubicua | Linnaeus, 1758 | Ostracion cubicum | Ostraciidae | Yellow boxfish |
| Ostracion cubicum | Linnaeus, 1758 | Ostracion cubicum | Ostraciidae | Yellow boxfish |
| Ostracion cubicus | Linnaeus, 1758 | Ostracion cubicum | Ostraciidae | Yellow boxfish |
| Ostracion cubicus aculeatus | Houttuyn, 1782 | Kentrocapros aculeatus | Aracanidae | |
| Ostracion cyanurus | Rüppell, 1828 | Ostracion cyanurus | Ostraciidae | Bluetail trunkfish |
| Ostracion diaphanum | Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Lactoria diaphana | Ostraciidae | Roundbelly cowfish |
| Ostracion diaphanus | Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Lactoria diaphana | Ostraciidae | Roundbelly cowfish |
| Ostracion eco | Phillipps, 1932 | Kentrocapros eco | Aracanidae | |
| Ostracion expansum | Cope, 1871 | Lactophrys trigonus | Ostraciidae | Buffalo trunkfish |
| Ostracion flavigaster | Gray, 1838 | Aracana ornata | Aracanidae | Ornate cowfish |
| Ostracion fornasini | Bianconi, 1846 | Lactoria fornasini | Ostraciidae | Thornback cowfish |
| Ostracion gibbosus | Linnaeus, 1758 | Tetrosomus gibbosus | Ostraciidae | Humpback turretfish |
| Ostracion guineense | Bleeker, 1865 | Acanthostracion guineense | Ostraciidae | |
| Ostracion guineensis | Bleeker, 1865 | Acanthostracion guineense | Ostraciidae | |
| Ostracion hexagonus | Thunberg, 1787 | Kentrocapros aculeatus | Aracanidae | |
| Ostracion immaculatum | Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | Ostracion immaculatum | Ostraciidae | Bluespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion immaculatus | Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 | Ostracion immaculatum | Ostraciidae | Bluespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion knorrii | Wlbaum, 1792 | Antennarius scaber | Antennariidae | |
| Ostracion laevis | Pennant, 1776 | Ranzania laevis | Molidae | Slender sunfish |
| Ostracion lenticularis | Richardson, 1841 | Anoplocapros lenticularis | Aracanidae | White-barred boxfish |
| Ostracion lentiginosus | Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Ostracion meleagris | Ostraciidae | Whitespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion lindsayi | Phillipps, 1932 | Paracanthostracion lindsayi | Ostraciidae | |
| Ostracion lineata | Gray, 1839 | Aracana aurita | Aracanidae | Shaw's cowfish |
| Ostracion meleagris | Shaw, 1796 | Ostracion meleagris | Ostraciidae | Whitespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion meleagris meleagris | Shaw, 1796 | Ostracion meleagris | Ostraciidae | Whitespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion nasus | Bloch, 1785 | Rhynchostracion nasus | Ostraciidae | Shortnose boxfish |
| Ostracion notacanthus | Bleeker, 1863 | Acanthostracion notacanthus | Ostraciidae | Island cowfish |
| Ostracion ornata | Gray, 1838 | Aracana ornata | Aracanidae | Ornate cowfish |
| Ostracion ornatus | Hollard, 1857 | Ostracion whitleyi | Ostraciidae | Whitley's box |
| Ostracion paschae | Rendahl, 1921 | Lactoria paschae | Ostraciidae | |
| Ostracion punctatus | Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Ostracion meleagris | Ostraciidae | Whitespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion quadricornis | Linnaeus, 1758 | Acanthostracion quadricornis | Ostraciidae | Scrawled cowfish |
| Ostracion quadricornis notacanthus | Bleeker, 1863 | Acanthostracion notacanthus | Ostraciidae | Island cowfish |
| Ostracion rhinorhynchos | Bleeker, 1851 | Ostracion rhinorhynchos | Ostraciidae | Horn-nosed boxfish |
| Ostracion rhinorhynchus | Bleeker, 1851 | Ostracion rhinorhynchos | Ostraciidae | Horn-nosed boxfish |
| Ostracion rhynorhyncus | Bleeker, 1851 | Ostracion rhinorhynchos | Ostraciidae | Horn-nosed boxfish |
| Ostracion sebae | Bleeker, 1851 | Ostracion meleagris | Ostraciidae | Whitespotted boxfish |
| Ostracion solorense | Bleeker, 1853 | Ostracion solorense | Ostraciidae | Reticulate boxfish |
| Ostracion solorensis | Bleeker, 1853 | Ostracion solorense | Ostraciidae | Reticulate boxfish |
| Ostracion spilogaster | Richardson, 1840 | Aracana aurita | Aracanidae | Shaw's cowfish |
| Ostracion stellifer | Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | Tetrosomus stellifer | Ostraciidae | |
| Ostracion striatus | Shaw, 1804 | Aracana aurita | Aracanidae | Shaw's cowfish |
| Ostracion tobinii | Donovan, 1824 | Aracana aurita | Aracanidae | Shaw's cowfish |
| Ostracion trachys | Randall, 1975 | Ostracion trachys | Ostraciidae | Roughskin trunkfish |
| Ostracion tricornis | Linnaeus, 1758 | Acanthostracion quadricornis | Ostraciidae | Scrawled cowfish |
| Ostracion trigonus | Linnaeus, 1758 | Lactophrys trigonus | Ostraciidae | Buffalo trunkfish |
| Ostracion triqueter | Linnaeus, 1758 | Lactophrys triqueter | Ostraciidae | Smooth trunkfish |
| Ostracion tuberculatus | Linnaeus, 1758 | Ostracion cubicum | Ostraciidae | Yellow boxfish |
| Ostracion turritus | Forsskål, 1775 | Tetrosomus gibbosus | Ostraciidae | Humpback turretfish |
| Ostracion undulatus | Poey, 1868 | Lactophrys trigonus | Ostraciidae | Buffalo trunkfish |
| Ostracion whitleyi | Fowler, 1931 | Ostracion whitleyi | Ostraciidae | Whitley's box |