n = 22
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gymnogeophagus australis | (Eigenmann, 1907) | Gymnogeophagus australis | Cichlidae | Uruguayan eartheater |
| Gymnogeophagus balzani | (Perugia, 1891) | Gymnogeophagus balzanii | Cichlidae | Argentine humphead |
| Gymnogeophagus balzanii | (Perugia, 1891) | Gymnogeophagus balzanii | Cichlidae | Argentine humphead |
| Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis | Staeck, 2006 | Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus che | Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni, 2000 | Gymnogeophagus che | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus constellatus | Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 | Gymnogeophagus constellatus | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus cyanopterus | Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 | Gymnogeophagus balzanii | Cichlidae | Argentine humphead |
| Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys | (Hensel, 1870) | Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys | Cichlidae | Smooth-cheek eartheater |
| Gymnogeophagus jaryi | Alonso, Terán, Aguilera, Říčan, Casciotta, Serra, Almirón, Benítez et al., 2019 | Gymnogeophagus jaryi | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus labiatus | (Hensel, 1870) | Gymnogeophagus labiatus | Cichlidae | Earth eater |
| Gymnogeophagus lacustris | Reis & Malabarba, 1988 | Gymnogeophagus lacustris | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos | Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 | Gymnogeophagus lipokarenos | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus mekinos | Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 | Gymnogeophagus mekinos | Cichlidae | Elongated eartheater |
| Gymnogeophagus meridionalis | Reis & Malabarba, 1988 | Gymnogeophagus meridionalis | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus missioneiro | Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 | Gymnogeophagus missioneiro | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion | Turcati, Serra-Alanis & Malabarba, 2018 | Gymnogeophagus peliochelynion | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus | Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis, 2015 | Gymnogeophagus pseudolabiatus | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus | (Hensel, 1870) | Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus | Cichlidae | Stripefin eartheater |
| Gymnogeophagus setequedas | Reis, Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992 | Gymnogeophagus setequedas | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus taroba | Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek & Říčan, 2017 | Gymnogeophagus taroba | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura | Loureiro, Zarucki, Malabarba & González-Bergonzoni, 2016 | Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura | Cichlidae | |
| Gymnogeophagus tiraparae | González-Bergonzoni, Loureiro & Oviedo, 2009 | Gymnogeophagus tiraparae | Cichlidae |