Language	Term	Definition	See also
English	scale	a small, membranous or horny, stiff, typically plate-like body in the skin of fishes, serving to protect, colour, and support the body. May be modified into spines, tubercles, bony plates, an exoskeleton, reduced or even lost. Phylogenetically absent in Amphioxi and Cyclostomata, and lost in various examples of the other groups, e.g. Torpedo, Ictalurus. The teleost scale is dermal in origin and consists of two major parts - the outer bony, hyalodentine or sclerite layer and the deeper fibrous section called the lamellar layer, fibrillary plate or basal plate. See placoid scale, ganoid scale, cycloid scale and ctenoid scale (latter two also called leptoid or elasmoid scales). Scales have a central focus or centre, an anterior or oral filed, a posterior or aboral field (visible on the flank), and dorsal and ventral fields. See also annulus, circulus	ctenoid scales ganoid scales
French	écaille	Petite modification membraneuse ou cornée de la peau des poissons.	écailles cténoïdes écailles ganoïdes
Spanish
Portuguese	escama	Estrutura membranosa ou coriácea da pele de muitos peixes.	escamas ctenóides escamas ganóides

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