Pseudotolithus typus Bleeker, 1863
Longneck croaker
photo by JJPhoto

Family:  Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Max. size:  140 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 15 kg
Environment:  demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 150 m
Distribution:  Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania (Ref. 5377) to Angola, becoming scarce north of Cape Verde. Often confused with Pseudotolithus senegalensis.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28-32. Diagnosis: dorsal fin with 9 spines in the 1st part and 1 spine and 28-32 in the second; second anal spine about half the length of the 1st anal fin soft ray; pectoral fins short, about 19-21% SL; gill rakers short, about as long as gill filament at angle between lower and upper part of gill arch; maxilla extending beyond posterior eye border, eyes small, 7.2-8.4 times in HL, but this character is difficult to use for identification because of allometry (Ref. 81656).
Biology:  Inhabits coastal waters from shoreline to about 150 m depth, over mud and sandy mud bottoms. Most abundant in waters less than 60 m at temperatures above 18°C. Juveniles and sub-adults enter estuaries and rivers. Feeds mainly on small fishes and crustaceans. Peak spawning season from late spring to early autumn in tropical West Africa (Ref. 4780).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 24 January 2020 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


Source and more info: www.fishbase.org. For personal, classroom, and other internal use only. Not for publication.