Phalloceros spiloura Lucinda, 2008
Three point toothcarp
Phalloceros spiloura
photo by Lucinda, P.H.F.

Family:  Poeciliidae (Poeciliids), subfamily: Poeciliinae
Max. size:  2.24 cm SL (male/unsexed); 3.36 cm SL (female)
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  South America: Brazil in Rio Iguaçu and coastal drainages of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, including the rio Tubarão, rio Itajaí-Açu, rio Itapocu, rio Mampituba, rio Cubatão (North), rio Tramandaí drainages.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-9; Anal soft rays: 9-11; Vertebrae: 31-32. Distinguished by the following uniquely derived autapomorphies: presence of a rounded spot located on the lower half of the caudal peduncle close to the base of lowest caudal-fin rays; a patch of dark pigmentation on the last anal-fin rays of females; halves of gonopodial paired appendix straight and perpendicular to R3. Differs further from its congeners by gonapophysis of vertebra 14 straight in adult males; and anterior orbital bone present (Ref. 76852). Description: Pectoral fin with 7 branched rays; longitudinal series of scales 28-30; transverse series of scales 7 (Ref. 76852).
Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 07 November 2018 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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