Cyprinodon arcuatus Minckley & Miller, 2002
Santa Cruz pupfish

Family:  Cyprinodontidae (Pupfishes), subfamily: Cyprinodontinae
Max. size:  4.6 cm SL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  North America: restricted to the upper Santa Cruz basin in southern Arizona and Northern Sonora.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 9-10; Anal soft rays: 9-11; Vertebrae: 25-27. Distinct dorsal-body surface, which is highly convex before the dorsal fin but changing abruptly at the dorsal origin into a deep, postdorsal concavity most developed in breeding males; absence in nuptial males of distinctive yellow or orange pigment on either the caudal fin or peduncle; weak development of lepidodonts and modally six preopercular pores (Ref. 43452).
Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Extinct (EX); Date assessed: 18 November 2011 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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