Main Ref. | Hirayama, S., T. Shiiba, Y. Sakai, H. Hashimoto and K. Gushima, 2005 |
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Remarks | Often inhabit intertidal or subtidal reefs (Ref. 47249). Fish-egg eaters (Ref. 54616). Most species reported to feed on zooplankton or benthic animals (Ref. 28114). May change its feeding habits when growing to an obligate fish-egg eater targeting demersal egg spawners (Ref. 54616). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hirayama, S., T. Shiiba, Y. Sakai, H. Hashimoto and K. Gushima, 2005 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.54 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |