Ecology Summary - Liopsetta putnami

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Main Ref.	Armstrong, M.P., 1997
Remarks	Inhabits inshore waters, shallow estuaries, river mouths and sheltered bays (Ref. 8520). Abundant in the mesohaline, riverine habitat in Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire (Ref. 32356). Exhibited a generalized up-river movement as salinity increased with the seasons. Showed ontogenetic changes in distribution along the depth gradient, with smallest individuals occupying shallowest depths. Intertidal mudflats were important nursery grounds for young-of-the-year smooth flounder (Ref. 32356). Parasites of the species include 2 protozoans, 6 trematodes, 1 cestode, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan (Ref. 5951).

Main Ref.

Armstrong, M.P., 1997

Remarks

Inhabits inshore waters, shallow estuaries, river mouths and sheltered bays (Ref. 8520). Abundant in the mesohaline, riverine habitat in Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire (Ref. 32356). Exhibited a generalized up-river movement as salinity increased with the seasons. Showed ontogenetic changes in distribution along the depth gradient, with smallest individuals occupying shallowest depths. Intertidal mudflats were important nursery grounds for young-of-the-year smooth flounder (Ref. 32356). Parasites of the species include 2 protozoans, 6 trematodes, 1 cestode, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan (Ref. 5951).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Liopsetta putnami may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.41	0.44			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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