Main Ref. | Pauly, D., 1989 |
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Remarks | A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Mainly found in saltwater marshes and in tidal creeks. May leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). Enters fresh water to limited extent (Ref. 7251). Omnivorous feeder, food includes small crustaceans, polychaetes, insect larvae and vegetable matter. Preyed upon by kingfishers, small mammals, brook trout and bullfrogs. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Parasites of the species include 4 trematodes (like Distomum and Gyrodactylus), 2 protozoans, 1 myxosporidian, 4 monogeans, 1 cestode, 1 acanthocephalan and 1 branchiuran (Ref. 5951). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Pauly, D., 1989 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.59 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |