Main Ref. | Edgar, G.J. and C. Shaw, 1995 |
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Remarks |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Edgar, G.J. and C. Shaw, 1995 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.93 | 0.55 | 3.84 | 0.50 | Troph of juv./adults. |
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Horn, P.L., J.S. Forman and M.R. Dunn, 2012 |