Main Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
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Remarks | Inhabits hill streams up to an elevation of 300 m (Ref. 4832). Found in shaded, mid-hill clear waters with pebble or gravel substrates (Ref. 11966). Occurs in schools at the surface in small high-gradient upland streams (Ref. 12693). Feeds mainly on exogenous insects (Ref. 12693, 58921) and also on worms and crustaceans (Ref. 7020). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | McClure, M.M., P.B. McIntyre and A.R. McCune, 2006 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.90 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |