| Ref. principal | Randall, J.E., 1996 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Found in coastal waters adjacent to sandy beaches, to depths of 60 m, often near reefs (Ref. 30573). Singly or in small groups (Ref. 48635). Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and small fish that are abundant in the lagoons. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1996 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.31 | 0.48 | 4.20 | 0.64 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.98 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Bachok, Z., M.I. Mansor and R.M. Noordin, 2004 | ||||