Main Ref. | Wetherbee, B.M., S.H. Gruber and E. Cortes, 1990 |
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Remarks | A coastal and freshwater shark inhabiting shallow waters especially in bays, estuaries, rivers, and lakes (Ref. 244). It readily penetrates far up rivers and hypersaline bays and littoral lagoons (Refs. 9997, 44894, 81283, 9773). Capable of covering great distances, up to 180 kilometers in 24 hours, and moving between fresh and brackish water at random (Ref. 44894). Juveniles move upstream and may be found several km from the sea, adults found near estuaries (Ref. 4967). Euryhaline species. Opportunistic feeder (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Wetherbee, B.M., S.H. Gruber and E. Cortes, 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.31 | 0.46 | 4.21 | 0.65 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.30 | 0.82 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |