Singapore country information

Common names: Jin bian hou, Kerapu, Shi-hou
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Museum: SU 30882.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra, 1991
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Vielle chocolat, Cherna chocolate, Brownbarred grouper, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Cephalopholis: Greek, kephale = head + Greek, pholis = scale (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; ej vandrande; djupintervall 1 - 64 m, usually 4 - 30 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 32°N - 32°S, 29°E - 171°E (Ref. 5222)

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Kenya to southern Mozambique eastward to the western Pacific. Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). Not reported from oceanic islands in the Indian Ocean, except for Aldabra, Comoros, Madagascar, and the Andaman and Lakshadweep islands. Unknown from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and from the islands of Micronesia except for Palau. Record from Rodriguez by Heemstra & Randall (1984, Ref. 3153) could not be verified and is probably erroneous (Ref. 33390).

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m 12.2, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 48635); rapporterad maxålder: 11 år (Ref. 45317)

Short description Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 9; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 15-17; Taggstrålar i analfenan 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8. Brownish to greenish grey with dusky vertical bands over the body. White margins and black sub-margins on the median fins (Ref. 48635). Preopercle rounded, very finely serrate; no enlarged spines at angle, lower edge fleshy; characterized further by having ctenoid scales on body including abdomen; greatest depth of body 2.6-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins not usually reaching anus, 1.6-2.1 in head length (Ref. 90102).

Mainly a coastal species (Ref. 48635). Inhabits silty dead reefs in protected waters. May also be seen on live coral (Ref. 089707). Secretive (Ref. 37816). Feeds mainly on fish (Ref. 30531) and crustaceans (Ref. 089707). Courtship and pair spawning were observed by Donaldson (1989, Ref. 6900). Diandric protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 45317).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: husbehovsfiske; Akvarium: Kommersiell

FAO(fiskeri: produktion; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 (based on 1414 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01049 - 0.01582), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=1-2).

Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 4 stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790)