Indonesia country information

Common names: Tonang, Tonang
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and Moluccas.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Serpenton des rizières, Tieso de los arrozales, Estuary snake eel, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Anguilliformes (Eels and morays) > Ophichthidae (Snake eels) > Ophichthinae
Etymology: Pisodonophis: Greek, piso, pipisko = to drink + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, ophis = serpent .
More on author: Hamilton.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; anadromous (Ref. 51243); depth range ? - 10 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Somalia (Ref. 30573) and Tanzania south to Knysna, South Africa (Ref. 3972), including the Seychelles (Ref. 7245); also southern India and Sri Lanka (Ref. 7245). Widespread elsewhere from the east Indian coast throughout Indonesia to Polynesia (Ref. 7245).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3972); common length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7245)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Vertebrae: 171 - 180. Diagnosis: Body snake-like, cylindrical, compressed only along extreme tail tip; anterior nostril tubular, posterior along lower edge of lip; teeth granular to molariform, multiserial bands on jaws and vomer, but sharper on jaws and more pointed in young individuals; median fins not continuous posteriorly; extreme tip of tail stiff and finless; dorsal fin origin about a pectoral fin length behind tips of pectoral fins; lateral line inconspicuous (Ref. 4832).

Found in lagoons and estuaries, entering freshwater and paddy fields (Ref. 7245, 30573). Common in tidal reaches and nearby upstream areas of coastal rivers (Ref. 12693). Lives in holes in the river bottom and bank and actively forages for small fishes at night (Ref. 12693). Reported to spawn in rice-paddies during the rainy season (Ref. 12693). Caught in bag nets and similar gear. Marketed fresh.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : McCosker, John E. | Collaborators

Castle, P.H.J., 1984. Ophichthidae. p. 38-39. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3508)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 October 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; bait: usually

FAO(Aquaculture: production; ; publication : search) | FishSource |

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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.6 - 29.2, mean 28.5 (based on 2626 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00093 (0.00047 - 0.00184), b=2.97 (2.80 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.71 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton, 1822)