Often schooling, occurring mainly in freshwater (in large rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and swamps). Prefer the presence of smooth, steep-sided surfaces such as dams, cement-lined pools and rip rapped streams (Ref. 39049). But adults are also found in brackish or saline water of estuaries and bays (up to 32.3 ppt salinity (Ref. 39050); juveniles to about 15 ppt). Larvae are pelagic probably found only in freshwater (Ref. 39046). Filter-feeders, but not entirely herbivorous since recorded food items include copepods, cladocerans and fish fry. Also feed on organic material of sand and detritus bottoms (Ref. 9114). Breed in the spring and in autumn, in freshwater, near or over plants or other objects. Eggs adhere to aquatic vegetation (Ref. 4639). Caught exclusively in fresh waters and sometimes in mouths of rivers (Ref. 9291). Also Ref. 58302.
时常群游,在大河,水库,湖与沼泽中主要出现在淡水。 偏爱平静,边缘有大落差的表面例如水坝, 内衬水泥的水池,而且裂痕轻敲了溪流。 (参考文献 39049) 但是成鱼也发现于半咸淡水或河口与海湾的咸度水了 (向上到 32.3个 ppt 盐度;(参考文献 39050) 稚鱼到大约 15个 ppt). 仔鱼是大洋性的可能发现只在淡水中.(参考文献 39046) 滤食动物, 但是不是完全食草自从记录的食物组成之后包括桡脚类的动物,水蚤与鱼苗。 也吃砂与碎岩底部的有机物。 (参考文献 9114) 在春天繁殖与秋天时, 在淡水中, 接近或就植物或其他的目标。 卵黏附在水生植物。 (参考文献 4639) 只有在淡水捕获了与有时在河口中.(参考文献 9291)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 23.3 - 28.1, mean 25.5 (based on 182 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00560 - 0.01485), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2; tmax=4; Fec=800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).