Brazil country information

Common names: Língua de mulato, Língua-de-mulata, Língua-de-vaca
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges south to Rio de Janeiro (Ref. 36453). Museum: FMNH 88853. Praiade Jacare, UFPB 884. Rio Paraiba estuary, near Joao Pessoa, UFPB 896. Atafona, ANSP 121326 (Ref. 26268). Caught by shrimp trawl in Pirambu, Sergipe (Ref. 118626). Also Ref. 3716.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Munroe, T.A., 1991
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Langue joue cendre, Drab tonguefish, Lengua de vaca parda, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 0 - 75 m (Ref. 5217), usually 0 - 10 m (Ref. 26268). Tropical; 25°N - 30°S, 87°W - 30°W (Ref. 26268)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Puerto Rico, Cuba and Hispaniola but unknown from the Bahamas. Continental margin of Central America (Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama) to South America (Colombia, Guyana, suriname, Tobago and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35237); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217); max. published weight: 51.30 g (Ref. 118626)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 89-99; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 75 - 84

A shallow water species (1-51 m) (Ref. 26268), found over mud or sand bottoms (Ref. 5217) where it feeds on small benthic invertebrates likes annelids and crustaceans. Normally found along sand banks near the mouth of rivers (Ref. 35237).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Munroe, T.A., 1998. Systematics and ecology of tonguefishes of the genus Symphurus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 96(1):1-182. (Ref. 26268)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 August 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25.8 - 28.1, mean 27.5 (based on 680 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Symphurus plagusia (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)