Australia country information

Common names: Brown-spotted rock-cod, Frostback cod, Frostback rockcod
Occurrence: endemic
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: North-western Australia (Ref 90102). Recorded from Shark Bay (Ref. 115274). Museum: WAM P.25119-008 (Holotype, Rosemary Island), P.14948-001 (Paratype, Port Walcott), P.24358-001, P.14924-001; AMS I.22800-017 , NTM S.10808-023, S.12014-001. Also Ref. 4787, 5222, 089707.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006
National Database:

Common names from other countries

白背石斑鱼, Lokos, Brown-spotted rock-cod, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Randall & Allen.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 4 - 50 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 16°S - 22°S, 116°E - 124°E (Ref. 5222)

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Eastern Indian Ocean: known only from Western Australia. Was illustrated in color as Epinephelus maculatus by Allen (1985, Ref. 1677) and Sainsbury et al. (1985, Ref. 3131). This species have been much confused with other 'reticulated groupers' in literature, and many museum specimens have been misidentified.

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5222)

Descrição breve Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total): 11; Raios dorsais moles (total): 17-18; Espinhos anais 3; Raios anais moles: 8. Characterized by: greyish-brown color overall with hexagonal brown spots; white strip at back; dorsal fin base with 2-3 dark bilobed spots; body scales ctenoid, cycloid scales anterodorsally on thorax and ventrally on abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.8-3.3 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.8-2.1 in head length (Ref. 90102); preopercle subangular, with serrae at the angle slightly enlarged; opercular spines inconspicuous; straight or slightly concave upper edge of operculum; nostrils subequal in small fish, but posterior nostril diameter about twice of that of anterior nostril in a fish of 27 cm SL; maxilla reaches below rear half of eye; 2 rows of small teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 089707).

No fishery information is available. Found on coral reefs or rocky bottom (Ref. 089707). No published information on its biology. Solitary (Ref 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 26.4 - 28, mean 26.8 (based on 22 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00571 - 0.02419), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).

Epinephelus bilobatus Randall & Allen, 1987