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Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800)

Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
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Scomberomorus commerson   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Scomberomorus commerson (Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel)
Scomberomorus commerson
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Australia country information

Common names: Albacore, Banded tuna, Doggie
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: Johannes, R.E. and J.W. MacFarlane, 1991
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Distributed from Geographe Bay in Western Australia to St Helens in Tasmania (Ref. 6390); including Lord Howe Island (Ref. 9710) and the Torres Strait Islands (Ref. 13465). Stock structure: There are genetically distinct stocks of Spanish mackerel (Ref. 30218, 28141). Fish from the northern Great Barrier Reef to New South Wales form 1 stock, while fish from Torres Strait and the Gulf of Carpentaria are part of a northern stock distributed from the southern Gulf of Papua to Western Australia (Ref. 30196, 28141, 30219). Evidence from tagging studies and historic fishing activity in the Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Strait waters, although limited, suggests that Spanish mackerel move between the Gulf and Strait waters (Ref. 30218). Commercial fishery: In Western Australia, Spanish mackerel are fished north of approximately 28°S. Mackerel fishing is a major fishery on the North West Shelf. From the trap and line fishery there, Spanish mackerel comprised an average of 31% of the catch of all fish during a 2-year study in the mid-1980s (Ref. 27266). The fishery peaks in July and August, and weather conditions restrict fishing operations during the wet monsoon period (December-February) (Ref. 30203, 27266). In the Northern Territory, Spanish mackerel have been targeted by local fishers since the late 1970s. The fishery extends along the whole coastline, with local concentrations south of Darwin, from Bathurst and Croker islands to the Wessel Islands, and in the western Gulf of Carpentaria. Most fishing takes place during the second half of the year, peaking in September-November. Spanish mackerel are also targeted on their presumed migration path along the western Gulf of Carpentaria coastline. Since 1987, effort and catch have increased sharply in the Northern Territory Spanish mackerel fishery. Taiwanese fleets fished for Scomberomorus species off northern Australia from 1974 to mid-1986 (Ref. 26279) and in the Gulf of Carpentaria until the fleet’s exclusion in 1978. The Taiwanese used drifting gillnets ranging in length from 8 km to more than 20 km (Ref. 26279). Australian Government regulations in 1986 limited the gillnet lengths to 2.5 km or less, effectively making the Taiwanese gillnet fishery uneconomic in Australian waters. The Queensland fishery for mackerel is the State’s major offshore finfish fishery (Ref. 30220) and has been operating for at least 60 years (Ref. 30219). In 1989-90, its value was estimated at A$3.4 million, of which more than 66% was Spanish mackerel. The Queensland fishery extends from the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, through Torres Strait and along the east coast, although most fishing takes place from north of Cooktown to Mackay. Mackerel fishers operate mostly from the ports of Cairns, Townsville, Yeppoon, Mackay and Bundaberg. Mackerel are fished to approximately 30°S (Coffs Harbour) in New South Wales. The east coast fishery targets mackerel during the spring spawning season and the northward migration (Ref. 30194) and later in summer-early autumn in southern Queensland. The main fishing method for Spanish mackerel is trolling. Varying lengths of Bowden cable main line, wire trace and terminal rigs of ganged hooks are used (Ref. 30199). Garfish (Hemiramphidae) are the preferred bait. Other fish baits and different combinations of rope and lures may be used. Another fishing technique for mackerel is drift-fishing using rod-and-reel (Ref. 30199, 30194, 30220). Catch rates vary depending on the time of day (early morning and evenings are preferred), moon phase, tides, water temperature, depth (Ref. 30221), sea floor temperatures (Ref. 30205), trolling speed and the fishers’ experience (Ref. 30221). The size of the fishing operation varies, from a mothership up to 16 m long operating several dories through smaller vessels without dories, to dinghies operating from island locations. All Scomberomorus are susceptible to drifting gillnets. There are localised gillnet fisheries for small mackerel through almost their entire distribution in Australia, from approximately Shark Bay to northern New South Wales. Sharks form an important part of the catch in these fishing operations (Ref. 30205), and fishers target either shark or mackerel depending on availability and market demand. A small amount of mackerel is taken with offshore drifting gillnets by domestic fishers in north-eastern Queensland, where reasonable quantities of juvenile mackerel are also caught inshore. Demersal otter trawlers targeting prawns in northern Australia may catch substantial quantities of mackerel either as bycatch or by line fishing. Some boats engaged primarily in other fisheries in northern waters switch to trolling mackerel when the fish are biting. Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) (in north-eastern Australia) and shark mackerel (Grammatorcynus species) (in north-western Australia) are important bycatches of the mackerel troll fishery. Mackerel are marketed frozen, fresh or chilled as gilled-and-gutted whole fish or trunks, and are retailed as fillets or cutlets. In Western Australia, the mackerel are gutted or put in chilled brine for gutting later the same day (Ref. 27266). In Queensland, some fish are filleted on the boats and stored on ice or frozen. Small local operations prepare smoked mackerel. Much of the Northern Territory product is trucked interstate, whereas Western Australian and Queensland product is sold both locally and interstate. Mackerel is in high market demand in Australia. It is a staple of the ‘fish-and-chips’ trade in Queensland. Recreational fishery: In the Northern Territory and Queensland, most recreational fishing for Spanish mackerel takes place in waters within reach of pleasure boats from major coastal population centres. Spanish mackerel is the most widely sought-after pelagic fish for recreational fishers in Queensland waters and their annual catch from Great Barrier Reef waters is considerable. Rod-and-reel gear is used almost exclusively with live bait, dead bait or lures (Ref. 30220). Fishers troll from boats or drift rigged baits from the shore, sometimes using balloons to carry the baits well out into the currents. The Australian Anglers Association records the largest Spanish mackerel taken as 42.2 kg, caught in Western Australia in 1979. Resource status: The catch of Spanish mackerel from north-eastern Queensland has declined since the late 1970s (Ref. 30219), while that from northern New South Wales has slightly increased (Ref. 30219). There is a perceived overexploitation on the Queensland east coast with a possible decline to very low levels in the spawning stock (Ref. 30572). Spanish mackerel stocks in the Northern Territory may be adversely affected by foreign fishers - mainly Taiwanese driftnetters operating under licence in Indonesian waters. These vessels catch substantial quantities of Spanish mackerel which are probably migrating into or out of Australian waters. Over-exploitation of the resource during the years of Taiwanese gillnet fishing in northern Australian waters was suggested (Ref. 26279) by declines in both catch per unit effort and body length of mackerel. The Taiwanese fleet operating in the Gulf of Papua in the first half of the 1980s was also implicated in reduced mackerel catches in the Torres Strait troll fishery (Ref. 30219). Ciguatera poisoning is associated with mackerel. A lipid-soluble toxin, similar to ciguatoxin, has been found in individual mackerel caught between 24°S and 26°S off Queensland (Ref. 168) and also in mackerel from the Gove Peninsula area, Northern Territory. Also Ref. 2334.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Thazard rayé indo-pacifique, Carite estriado Indo-Pacífico, Macko, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomberomorus: Latin, scomber = mackerel + Greek, moros = silly, stupid (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Lacepède.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 70 m (Ref. 12260).   熱帶; 39°N - 41°S, 7°W - 170°W (Ref. 54880)

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa to Southeast Asia, north to China and Japan and south to southeast Australia, and to Fiji (Ref. 6390). Immigrant to the eastern Mediterranean Sea by way of the Suez Canal. Southeast Atlantic: St. Helena.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非至東南亞, 北至中國與日本而且南至澳洲東南部 , 與到斐濟。 (參考文獻 6390) 移居到地中海東部經由蘇伊士運河。 東南大西洋: 聖赫勒拿島。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm 75.2, range 55 - 82 cm
Max length : 240 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5765); common length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 70.0 kg (Ref. 5765); 最大年龄: 22 年 (Ref. 50580)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 15 - 18; 背的软条 (总数): 15-20; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 21; 脊椎骨: 42 - 46. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate (depth 4.8-5.6 in SL), moderately strongly compressed; upper jaw reaching to posterior margin of eye or slightly beyond; teeth in jaws strong and compressed; gill rakers of first gill arch 0-2 on upper limb and 1-8 on lower limb, total 1-8; 2 dorsal fins, D1 XV-XVIII and D2 15-20, followed by 8-11 finlets; anal fin originating below midpoint of second dorsal fin, with 16-21 soft rays, followed by 7-12 finlets; lateral line abruptly bent downward below end of second dorsal fin. Colour of back iridescent blue-grey, sides silver with bluish reflections, marked with numerous thin, wavy vertical bands; number of bars increases from as few as 20 in a 40 cm specimen to as many as 65 at 150 cm; juveniles frequently spotted (Ref. 9684, 90102).


腹鳍间的突起小而两裂的。 泳鳔不存在。 侧线突然地弯曲向下的在第二背鳍鳍的末端之下。 肠道有 2 摺层与 3 肢翼。 在躯干上的纵带有时断裂成斑点腹数目 40-50 当成鱼时, 而且少于 20 在稚鱼中。 在身体上稚鱼有大的椭圆形的深色斑点; 第一背鳍的中央三个白色，其它的鳍黑色.(参考文献 11228)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

A pelagic fish, inhabiting near edge of continental shelf to shallow coastal waters, often of low salinity and high turbidity (Ref. 30199, 48637); also found in drop-offs, and shallow or gently sloping reef and lagoon waters (Ref. 1602, 48637). Feed primarily on small fishes like anchovies, clupeids, carangids, also squids and penaeoid shrimps. Usually hunts solitary and often swim in shallow water along coastal slopes (Ref. 48637). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Caught mainly with drift gill nets, bamboo stake traps, midwater trawls, and by trolling. Marketed mainly fresh; also dried-salted; commonly made into fish balls (Ref. 9684), frozen, smoked, and canned (Ref. 9987). A lipid-soluble toxin, similar to ciguatoxin has been found in the flesh of specimens caught on the east coast of Queensland, Australia. Known to undertake lengthy long-shore migrations, but permanent resident populations also seem to exist.

从大陆棚的近边缘到沿岸浅水区分布了, 时常低盐度与高混浊度.(参考文献 30199,48637) 也发现于海峭壁 , 与水浅或缓斜坡的礁与舄湖水域。 (参考文献 1602,48637) 通常沿着海岸的斜坡狩猎独居性而且时常在浅水区中游泳。 (参考文献 48637) 已知进行长途的沿岸回游, 但是永久的定居族群也似乎存在。 发现于小群鱼群了。 (参考文献 9684) 主要捕食像鳀鱼，鲱鱼，鲹，也捕食乌贼与对虾的小鱼。 一个脂质-溶解的毒素, 类似 ciguatoxin 已经被发现于在澳洲的昆士兰省的東海岸上面捕獲的標本的肉。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 被凍結,煙燻, 與罐裝的乾燥鹽醃 (參考文獻 9684);(參考文獻 9987) 通常製成了魚丸。

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Depending on temperature regime, the spawning season may be more or less extended. In Australian waters, each female spawns several times over the season, about 2 to 6 days apart (Ref. 30196), depending on the locality. Spanish mackerel spawn off the reef slopes and edges, and they form spawning aggregations in specific areas (Ref. 6390).印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非至東南亞, 北至中國與日本而且南至澳洲東南部 , 與到斐濟。 (參考文獻 6390) 移居到地中海東部經由蘇伊士運河。 東南大西洋: 聖赫勒拿島。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  临近濒危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 10 November 2022

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  有雪卡鱼毒中毒的报导 (Ref. 168)




人类利用

渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO(渔业: 产生, 物种外形; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.8 - 29, mean 28 (based on 1324 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00584 - 0.00747), b=3.00 (2.97 - 3.03), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.21; tm=2-3; tmax=14; Fec=590,000).
Prior r = 0.77, 95% CL = 0.51 - 1.15, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.