| Main Ref. | Myers, R.F., 1999 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | monogamy: |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Longenecker, K., R. Langston, H. Bollick, M. Crane, T.J. Donaldson, E.C. Franklin, M. Kelokelo, U. Kondio and T. Potuku, 2017 |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders nesters |
| Parental Care | biparental |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawning behaviour may involve loose aggregations and nesting occurs in channels. The eggs are laid in a single spongy cluster in a shallow excavation in rubble or sand. Hatching occurs at night (Ref. 37816). Nests are guarded by one or at times two adults (Ref. 9778). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |